您当前的位置:首页 > 当代文学 > 抗生素的故事

参考文献

参考文献

Abbott,K.“The 1904 Olympic Marathon May Have Been the Strangest Ever.”Smithsonian,August 7,2012.

Abraham,E.“Howard Walter Florey,Baron Florey of Adelaide and Marston,1898–1968.”Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 17(November 1971):255–302.

Abraham,E.“Ernst Boris Chain:19 June 1906–12 August 1979.”Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 29(November 1983):42–91.

Afflitto,E.Penicillin,Venereal Disease,and the Relationship Between Science and the State in America,1930–1950. Ann Arbor,MI:University Microfilms/ProQuest,May 2012.

Allan,N.“We’re Running Out of Antibiotics.”Atlantic,March 2014,34.

American Chemical Society.“Merck Laboratory Dedication.”Chemical Engineering News 11,no.9(May 10,1933):137.

American Chemical Society.“Selman Waksman and Antibiotics.National Historic Chemical Landmarks.”American Chemical Society(2005).Retrieved June 5,2014.www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatis chemistry/landmarks/selmanwaksman.html.

An American Physician.The Eclectic and General Dispensatory. Philadelphia:Towar and Hogan,1827.

Barnett,J.A.“Beginnings of Microbiology and Biochemistry:The Contribution of Yeast Research.”Microbiology 149,no.3(March 2003):557–67.

Bean,W.B.“Vitamania,Polypharmacy,and Witchcraft.”Archives of Internal Medicine 96,no.2(August 1,1955):137–41.

Belofsky,N.Strange Medicine:A Shocking History of Medical Practice Through the Ages. New York:Penguin,2013.

Berg,A.The Nutrition Factor:Its Role in National Development. Washington,DC:Brookings Institution Press,1973.

Bhatt,A.“Evolution of Clinical Research:A History Before and Beyond James Lind.”Perspectives in Clinical Research 1,no.1(January–March 2010):6–10.

Blair,J.C.Seeds of Destruction:A Study in the Functional Weaknesses of Capitalism. New York:Covici Friede,1938.

Blaser,M.J.Missing Microbes:How the Overuse of Antibiotics Is Fueling Our Modern Plagues. New York:Picador,2015.

Blout,E.Robert Burns Woodward:1917–1979.Biographical Memoirs, Vol.80.Washington,DC:National Academy Press,2001.

Bosch,F.,et al.“The Contributions of Paul Ehrlich to Pharmacology:A Tribute on the Occasion of the Centenary of His Nobel Prize.”Pharmacology,82,no.3(October 2008):171–79.

Bowden,M.E.Robert Burns Woodward and the Art of Organic Synthesis.Philadelphia:Chemical Heritage Press,1992.

Bratbak,G.“Bacterial Biovolume and Biomass Estimations.”Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49,no.6(June 1985):1488–93.

Brody,H.Hooked:Ethics,the Medical Profession,and the Pharmaceutical Industry. Lanham,MD:Rowman & Littlefield,2007.

Bud,R.“Antibiotics,Big Business,and Consumers:The Context of Government Investigations into the Postwar American Drug Industry.”Technology and Culture 46,no.2(April 2005):329–49.

Bud,R.Penicillin:Triumph and Tragedy. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2007.

Bud,R.“Upheaval in the Moral Economy of Science:Patenting,Teamwork,and the World War II Experience of Penicillin.”History and Technology:An International Journal 24,no.2(March 7,2008):173–90.

Bud,R.“Innovators,Deep Fermentation,and Antibiotics.”Dynamis 31,no.2(2011):323–41.

Bunch,R.L.Erythromycin,its salts,and method of preparation.U.S.Patent No.US 2653899 A,filed April 14,1952,and issued September 29,1953.

Burkholder,P.R.“Studies on the Antibiotic Activity of Actinomycetes.”Journal of Bacteriology 52,no.4(October 1946):503–4.

Byck,R.The Cocaine Papers of Sigmund Freud. Edited and with an

introduction by Robert Byck.New York:Stonehill,1974.

Byrne,J.P.Encyclopedia of Pestilence,Pandemics,and Plagues, Vol.1,A–M.Westport,CT:Greenwood Press,2008.

Cantrill,S.“The Greatest Chemist of All Time?”Nature Chemist(January 7,2011).

Carpenter,D.Reputation and Power:Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA. Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,2010.

Chain,E.,et al.“Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent.”Lancet 236,no.6104(August 24,1940):226–28.

Chalke,H.“The Impact of Tuberculosis on History,Literature,and Art.”Medical History 6,no.4(October 1962):301–18.

Chandler,A.D.Shaping the Industrial Century:The Remarkable Story of the Evolution of the Modern Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries.Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2005.

Chicago Tribune.“Girl,20,Dead After Refusal of Penicillin;Had 19 Transfusions for Blood Disease.”Chicago Tribune,August 26,1943.

Churchill,W.“We Shall Fight on the Beaches.”Great Speeches of the Twentieth Century.The Guardian,April 20,2002.

CIBA.Man and His Future:A CIBA Foundation Volume. Edited by Gordon Wolstenholme.Boston:Little,Brown,1963.

Clardy,J.F.“The Natural History of Antibiotics.”Current Biology 19,no.11(June 2009):437–41.

Clark,R.The Life of Ernst Chain:Penicillin and Beyond. London:Bloomsbury,1985.

Clarke,H.J.The Chemistry of Penicillin. Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1949.

Coghill,R.,et al.Method for Increased Yields of Pencillin.U.S.Patent No.2423873 A,June 17,1944.

Colebrook,L.“Almroth Edward Wright:1861–1947.”Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 6,no.17(November 1948):297–314.

Colebrook,L.“Gerhard Domagk.”Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 10(November 1964):39.

Comas,I.,et al.“Out-of-Africa Migration and Neolithic Co-Expansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Modern Humans.Nature:Genetics 45,no.10(October 2013):1176–82.

Committee on Statistics.Steel Statistical Yearbook. Brussels:International Iron & Steel Institute,1981.

Congressional Quarterly.“Subcommittee Investigates Drug Prices.”CQ Almanac 1960, 16th ed.Washington,DC:Congressional Quarterly,1960,11-743–49.

Cope,O.M.“The Treatment of the Surface Burns.”Annals of Surgery 117,no.6(June 1943):885–93.

Council on Drugs.“Blood Dyscrasias Associated with Chloramphenicol(Chloromycetin) Therapy.”Journal of the American Medical Association 172,no.18(April 30,1960):2044–45.

Crivellato,E.,et al.“Paul Ehrlich’s Doctoral Thesis:A Milestone in the Study of Mast Cells.”British Journal of Hematology 123(2003):19–21.

Daemmrich,A.Pharmacopolitics:Drug Regulation in the United States and Germany. Philadelphia:Chemical Heritage Foundation,2004.

Daniel,T.M.Pioneers in Medicine and Their Impact on Tuberculosis.Rochester,NY:University of Rochester Press,2001.

Dauer,C.,et al.“Mortality from Influenza,1957–1958 and 1959–1960.”American Review of Respiratory Diseases 83(1961):15–28.

Davies,J.“Antibiotic Resistance and the Future of Antibiotics.”In D.A.Relman,Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation:A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg.Washington,DC:National Academies Press,2009,158–92.

de Costa,C.,et al.“American Resurrection and the 1788 New York Doctors’Riot.”Lancet 377,no.9762(January 2011):22–28.

Dever,L.A.“Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics.”Archives of Internal Medicine 151,no.5(May 1991):886–95.

DiMasi,J.H.“The Price of Innovation:New Estimates of Drug Development Costs.”Journal of Health Economics 22,no.2(March 2003):151–85.

Dodson,G.“Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin,O.M.,23 May 1910–29 July 1994.”Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society 48(December 1,2002):179–219.

Doll,R.“Austin Bradford Hill,8 July 1897–18 April 1991.”Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society 40(November 1994):128–40.Douglas,S.“Georges Dreyer:1873–1934.”Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 1,no.4(December 1935):568–76.

Duggar,B.“Aureomycin:A Product of the Continuing Search for New Antibiotics.”Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 51(November 1948):177–81.

Dunhill,M.The Plato of Praed Street:The Life and Times of Almroth Wright.London:RSM Press,2000.

Ellis,J.J.His Excellency,George Washington. New York:Vintage,2005.

Federal Trade Commission.Federal Trade Commission Economic Report on Antibiotics Manufacture. Washington,DC:U.S.Government Printing Office,1958.

Ferry,G.Dorothy Hodgkin:A Life. London:Granta Books,1998.

Finland,M.J.“Occurrence of Serious Bacterial Infections Since Introduction of Antibacterial Agents.”Journal of the American Medical Association 170,no.18(August 1959):2188–97.

Finlay,M.R.“The Industrial Utilization of Farm Products and By-Products:The USDA Regional Research Laboratories.”Agricultural History 64,no.2(Spring 1990):41–52.

Finney,J.“Senate Panel Cites Mark-Ups on Drugs Ranging to 7,079%.”New York Times,December 8,1959,1.

Fisher,M.W.“The Susceptibility of Staphylococci to Chloramphenicol.”Archives of Internal Medicine 105,no.3(March 1960):412–23.

Fisher,R.The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford:Clarendon Press,

1930.

Fitzgerald,J.“Louis Pasteur:His Contribution to Anthrax Vaccination and the Evolution of a Principle of Active Immunization.”California State Journal of Medicine 21,no.3(March 1923):101–3.

Flavell-White,C.“Pfizer’s Penicillin Pioneers.”TCE Today(February 2010):54–55.

Fleming,A.“Some Notes on the Bacteriology of Gas Gangrene.”Lancet 186,no.4799(August 1915):376–78.

Fleming,A.“On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium,with Special Reference to Their Use in the Isolation of B.influenzae.The British Journal of Experimental Pathology 10(May 1929):226–36.

Fleming,A.“Penicillin.”Nobel Lecture.December 11,1945.NobelPrize.org.Retrieved November 1,2014.www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes /medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-lecture.pdf.

Florey,H.Interview by H.de Berg.Tape recording.April 16,1967.National Library,Canberra.

Folkers,K.A.Interview with Karl August Folkers.By L.Gortler.July 6,1990.Philadelphia:Chemical Heritage Society.

Forman,S.The Life and Writings of Thomas Jefferson,Including All of His Important Utterances on Public Questions,Compiled from State Papers and His Private Correspondence. Indianapolis:Bobbs-Merrill Company,1900.

Frith,J.“Syphilis:Its Early History and Treatment until Penicillin and the Debate on Its Origins.”Journal of Military and Veteran’s Health 20,no.4(2012).

Galdston,I.Behind the Sulfa Drugs:A Short History of Chemotherapy. New York:Appleton-Century,1943.

Gaskins,H.,et al.“Antibiotics as Growth Promotants:Mode of Action.”Animal Biotechnology 13,no.1(2002):29–42.

Geison,G.L.The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1995.

Godlee,S.R.Lord Lister. London:Macmillan,1918.

Gortler,L.“Merck in America:The First 70 Years from Fine Chemicals to Pharmaceutical Giant.”Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 25,no.1(2000):1–9.

Gradmann,C.“Robert Koch and the Pressures of Scientific Research:Tuberculosis and Tuberculin.”Medical History 45(2001):1–32.

Graham,J.P.“Growth Promoting Antibiotics in Food Animal Production:An Economic Analysis.”Public Health Reports 122,no.1(January–February 2007):79–87.

Grayson,M.B.“Henry Welch,FDA,and the Origins of ICAAC.”Microbe 5,no.9(September 2010):382.

Greene,J.A.“Reform,Regulation,and Pharmaceuticals —The KefauverHarris Amendments at 50.”New England Journal of Medicine 167(October 18,2012):1481–83.

Greenwood,D.Antimicrobial Drugs:Chronicle of a Twentieth Century

Medical Triumph.New York:Oxford University Press,2008.

Grinnell.“Doctors Get a Heap of Comfort from Grinnell Gloves.”Advertisement.Journal of the American Medical Association 63(October–November 1914):31.

Grizzard,F.E.George Washington:A Biographical Companion. Santa Barbara,CA:ABC-CLIO,2002.

Hager,T.The Demon Under the Microscope:From Battlefield Hospitals to Nazi Labs,One Doctor’s Heroic Search for the World’s First Miracle Drug.

New York:Harmony Books,2006.

Hayes,J.“Notes on Forensic Medicine:Smell.”The Graveyard Shift(2008).Retrieved January 22,2013.www.leelofland.com/wordpress/jonathanhayes-notes-on-forensic-medicine-smell/.

Hayes,P.“Carl Bosch and Carl Krauch:Chemistry and the Political Economy of Germany 1025–1945.”The Journal of Economic History 47,no.2(June 1987):353–63.

Heaman,E.St.Mary’s:The History of a London Teaching Hospital.London:Longmans,2004.

Heatley,N.B.“A New Type of Microrespirometer.”Journal of Biochemistry 33,no.1(January 1939):53–67.

Hebert,M.“Who Killed George Washington?”Medical Gumbo(February 16,2009).Retrieved August 17,2014.open.salon.com/blog/michael_hebert/2009/02/16/what_killed_george_washington.

Hobby,G.Penicillin:Meeting the Challenge. New Haven,CT:Yale University

Press,1985.

Hoeffle,M.L.“The Early History of Parke-Davis and Company.”Bulletin of the History of Chemistry 25,no.1(2000):25–32.

Holmberg,A.,et al.“Les Prix Nobel en 1945.”Stockholm:The Nobel Foundation,1946.

Holmes,O.W.“On the Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever.”New England Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1(1843):503–30.

Holmes,O.W.The Writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Vol.9.Boston:Houghton Mifflin,1899.

Houting,B.A.“Did George Washington’s Doctors Hasten His Death?”Constitution Daily,August 30,2011.

Hughes,H.W.Alexander Fleming and Penicillin. London:Priory Press,1979.Jacobs,W.A.(1924).“Certain Aspects of the Chemotherapy of Protozoan and Bacterial Infections.”Medicine 3,no.2(1924):165–93.

Janik,E.Marketplace of the Marvelous:The Strange Origins of Modern Medicine. Boston:Beacon Press,2014.

Johnson,S.Where Good Ideas Come From:The Natural History of Innovation.New York:Riverhead Books,2010.

Jonas,G.The Circuit Riders:Rockefeller Money and the Rise of Modern Science. New York:W.W.Norton,1989.

Jones,D.S.“The Burden of Disease and the Changing Task of Medicine.”New England Journal of Medicine 366(June 21,2012):2333–38.

Jones,T.Detailing the Physician:Sales Promotion by Personal Contact with

the Medical and Allied Professions.New York:Romaine Pierson,1940.

Jonsen,A.R.The Birth of Bioethics. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1998.

Jordan,D.P.Napoleon and the Revolution. New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2012.

Jukes,T.H.“Some Historical Notes on Chlortetracycline.”Review of Infectious Diseases 7,no.5(September–October 1985):702–7.

Junod,S.W.“FDA and Clinical Drug Trials:A Short History.”Overviews of FDA History(September 7,2014).Retrieved July 4,2015.www.fda .gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/Overviews/ucm304485.htm.

Kahn,E.J.All in a Century:The First Hundred Years of the Eli Lilly Company.Indianapolis:Eli Lilly,1976.

Kandel,E.The Age of Insight:The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art,Mind,and Brain,from Vienna 1900 to the Present. New York:Random House,2012.

Kardas,P.“Noncompliance in Current Antibiotic Practice.”Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 14,no.4(July 2006):s11–s14.

Keegan,J.The First World War. New York:Knopf,1998.

Kinch,M.,et al.“An Analysis of FDA -Approved Drugs for Infectious Disease:Antibacterial Agents.”Drug Discovery Today 19,no.9(September 2014):1283–87.

Koch,R.Essays of Robert Koch. Edited by K.C.Carter.New York:Greenwood Press,1987.

Kogan,H.The Long White Line:The Story of Abbott Laboratories. New York:

Random House,1963.

Kuehn,B.M.“Frances Kelsey Honored for FDA Legacy.”Journal of the American Medical Association 304,no.19(November 17,2010):2109–12.Laurence,W.L.“ ‘Wonder Drug’Aureomycin Found to Spur Growth 50%.”New York Times,April 10,1950,1.

Lawrence,C.“Joseph Lister.”In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,edited by H.C.G.Matthew et al.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.Lax,E.The Mold in Dr.Florey’s Coat. New York:Henry Holt,2004.

Le Fanu,J.The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine. New York:Little,Brown,1999.

Lear,J.“Taking the Miracle Out of the Miracle Drugs.”Saturday Review,January 3,1959,35–41.

Lear,J.“The Certification of Antibiotics.”Saturday Review,February 7,1959,43–48.

Lear,J.“SR Drug Reports and the United States Senate.”Saturday Review,December 12,1959,49–50.

Lear,J.“Public Health at 7 1/2 Per Cent.”Saturday Review,June 4,1960,37–41.

Lehmann,J.“Para -Aminosalicylic Acid in the Treatment of Tuberculosis.”Lancet 247,no.6384(January 1946):15–16.

Light,D.,et al.“Demythologizing the High Costs of Pharmaceutical Research.”BioSocieties 6(February 2011):34–50.

Lister,J.“Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery.”British Medical

Journal 2,no.5543(April 1967):9–12.

Lloyd,N.C.“Salvarsan —The First Chemotherapeutic Compound.”Chemistry in New Zealand 69,no.1(2005):24–27.

Loyd,E.“Aplastic Anemia Due to Chloramphenicol.”Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 2,no.1(January 1952):1–4.

Macfarlane,G.Howard Florey:The Making of a Great Scientist.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1979.

Macfarlane,G.Alexander Fleming:The Man and the Myth. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1984.

Macfarlane,G.“Howard Florey.”In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,edited by H.C.G.Matthew et al.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.Maddison,A.The World Economy. Paris:Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,2006.

Madison,J.A.Eli Lilly:A Life,1885–1997. Indianapolis:Indianapolis Historical Society,1989.

Maeder,T.Adverse Reactions. New York:William Morrow,1994.

Mahoney,T.The Merchants of Life:An Account of the American Pharmaceutical Industry. New York:Harper &Brothers,1958.

Maine Academy of Medicine and Science.“Therapeutics of a Country Doctor.”Journal of Medicine and Science 4,no.1(December 1897):284.

Major,R.T.“Selman Waksman—Scientist,Teacher,and Benefactor of Mankind.”Presentation Address for 1949 Research Award by the American Pharmaceutical Manufacturer’s Association,in Honor of Dr.Selman A.

Waksman.June 9,1949.Hot Springs,VA.

Margulis,L.,et al.What Is Life. New York:Simon &Schuster,1995.

Marks,H.M.“Making Risks Visible:The Science and Politics of Adverse Drug Reactions.In Ways of Regulating Drugs in the 19th and 20th Centuries, edited by J.P.Gaudilliere et al.Houndsmills,Basingstoke,UK:Palgrave Macmillan,2012,97–121.

Maurois,A.The Life of Alexander Fleming:Discoverer of Penicillin. London:Jonathan Cape,1959.

Mayo Clinic.“Mayo Clinic Information:History”(2001–2015).Mayo Clinic.Retrieved March 17,2015.www.mayoclinic.org/careerawareness /mi-history.html.

McEvilla,J.D.Competition in the American Pharmaceutical Industry.Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh,1955.

McFadyen,R.“Thalidomide in America:A Brush with Tragedy.Clio Medica 11,no.2(July 1976):79–93.

McKelvey,M.Evolutionary Innovations:The Business of Biotechnology. New York:Oxford University Press,1996.

McLaren,A.Impotence:A Cultural History. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,2007.

Merck,G.W.“The Chemical Industry and Medicine.”Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 27,no.7(July 1,1935):739–41.

Merck,G.W.“Biological Warfare:Report to the Secretary of War by Mr.George W.Merck,Special Consultant for Biological Warfare”(January 3,1946).Washington,DC:War Department Bureau of Public Relations,1946.

Meynell,E.“Some Account of the British Military Hospitals of World War I at Etaples,in the Orbit of Sir Almroth Wright.”Journal of the Army Medical Corps 142(1996):43–47.

Miller,G.H.“Abrupt Onset of the Little Ice Age Triggered by Volcanism and Sustained by Sea-Ice/Ocean Feedbacks.”Geophysical Research Letters 39(January 31,2012).

Miller,T.S.“Byzantine Hospitals.”Dumbarton Oaks Papers 38(1984).Mintz,M.“‘Heroine’of FDA Keeps Bad Drug Off Market.”Washington Post,July 15,1962,1.

Moberg,C.L.“Penicillin’s Forgotten Man:Norman Heatley.”Science 253,no.5021(August 19,1991):734–35.

Moskowitz,M.“Wonder Profits in Wonder Drugs.”The Nation,April 27,1957,357–60.

MRC.“Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with PAS and Streptomycin:A Preliminary Report.”British Medical Journal(December 31,1949):1521.National Academies.“Articles of Organization of the National Research Council”(June 15,2007).National Academies.Retrieved June 4,2015.www.nationalacademies.org/nrc/na_070358.html.

Nelson,K.E.“Early History of Infectious Disease.”In K.E.Nelson,Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 3rd ed.Burlington,MA:Jones and Bartlett,2014,1–21.

Neushul,P.“Science,Government,and the Mass Production of Penicillin.”Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 48,no.4(October 1993):371–95.

New Scientist.“Some Bacteria Choose to Live in a Pool of Penicillin.”New Scientist,June 8,1972,546.

New York Times.“The New Hope for Tuberculosis:Discovery of ‘Opsonins’Promises to Revolutionize Medicine.”New York Times,March 31,1907,1.New York Times.“Near End of Chase for Deadly Elixir:Government Agents Hope to Recover Today the Last of 700 Bottles.”New York Times,October 25,1937.

Nobel Prize Foundation.“The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965”(2014).NobelPrize.org.Retrieved April 30,2015.www.nobelprize.org/nobel _prizes/chemistry/laureates/1965/.

North,E.,et al.“Observations on the Sensitivity of Staphylococci to Penicillin.”Medical Journal of Australia 2(1945):44–46.

O’Neill,L.A.“Immunity’s Early-Warning System.”Scientific American,January 2005.

Osler,W.S.The Principles and Practice of Medicine,Designed for the Use of Practitioners and Students of Medicine. New York:Appleton,1923.

Paget,S.Pasteur and After Pasteur. London:A&C Black,1914.

Parke,Davis &Company.Therapeutic Notes, Vol.1.Detroit:Parke,Davis &Company,1894.

Payne,D.J.“Drugs for Bad Bugs:Confronting the Challenges of Antibacterial Discovery.”Nature Reviews—Drug Discovery 6,no.1(January 2007):29–42.

Peterson,A.F.Pharmaceutical Selling,“Detailing,”and Sales Training,2nd ed.Scarsdale,NY:Heathcote-Woodbridge,1959.

Podolsky,S.H.The Antibiotic Era:Reform,Resistance,and the Pursuit of a Rational Therapeutics. Baltimore,MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,2015.

Porter,E.“A Dearth of Innovation for Key Drugs.”New York Times,July 23,2014,B1.

Pringle,P.Experiment Eleven:Dark Secrets Behind the Discovery of a Wonder Drug. New York:Walker &Co.,2012.

Raoult,D.,et al.“The History of Epidemic Typhus.”Infectious Disease Clinics in North America 18,no.1(March 2004):127–40.

Rasmussen,N.“The Moral Economy of the Drug Company -Medical Scientist Collaboration in Interwar America.”Social Studies of Science 34(2004):161–85.

Rasmussen,N.“The Drug Industry and Clinical Research in Interwar America:Three Types of Physician Collaborator.”Bulletin of the History of Medicine 79(2005):50–80.

Ravina,E.The Evolution of Drug Discovery:From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. New York:John Wiley &Sons,2011.

Reichl,R.“The F.D.A.’s Blatant Failure on Food.”New York Times,July 30,2014.

Reilly,G.W.The FDA and Plan B:The Legislative History of the Durham --Humphrey Amendments and the Consideration of Social Harms in the Rx-OTC Switch(May 12,2006).LEDA at Harvard Law School.Retrieved June 28,2015.dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/8965550/Reilly06.html?sequence=2.

Richards,A.“Production of Penicillin in the United States(1941–1946).”Nature 201(February 1964):441–45.

Richards,A.N.“Remarks Concerning the Relations Between Universities,Industry and Government with Respect to Medical Research.”The Clinical Problems of Advancing Years(March 16,1949).

Riethmiller,S.“Ehrlich,Bertheim,and Atoxyl:The Origins of Modern Chemotherapy.”Bulletin of the History of Chemistry 23(1999):28–33.

Robbins,L.Louis Pasteur and the Hidden World of Microbes. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001.

Rodengen,J.L.The Legend of Pfizer. Fort Lauderdale,FL:Write Stuff Syndicate,1999.

Rolleston,J.“Venereal Disease in Literature.”British Journal of Venereal Disease 10,no.3(1934):147–74.

Roosevelt,F.D.Executive Order 8807 Establishing the Office of Scientific Research and Development(June 28,1941).The American Presidency Project.Retrieved December 14,2014.www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16137#.

Root-Bernstein,R.S.“How Scientists Really Think.”Perspectives in Biology

and Medicine 32,no.4(Summer 1987):473–89.

Root-Bernstein,R.S.Discovering:Inventing and Solving Problems at the Frontiers of Scientific Knowledge. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1989.

Rosen,W.The Most Powerful Idea in the World:A Story of Steam,Industry,and Invention. New York:Random House,2010.

Rosenberg,C.E.“The Therapeutic Revolution:Medicine,Meaning and Social Change in Nineteenth Century America.”Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 20,no.4(Summer 1977):485–506.

Roth,K.H.Development and Production of Synthetic Gasoline. Translated by Nicholas Levis.I.G.Farbenindustrie AG in World War II(2011).Retrieved March 8,2015.www.wollheim -memorial.de/en/entwicklung_und_produktion_von_synthetischem_benzin.

Rothman,S.The Pursuit of Perfection:The Promise and Perils of Medical Enhancement. New York:Vintage Books,2004.

Rothman,S.M.Living in the Shadow of Death:Tuberculosis and the Social Experience of Illness in American History, 1st ed.Baltimore,MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,1995.

Roy,A.,et al.“Effect of BCG Vaccination Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Children:Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.British Medical Journal 349,no.g4643(August 2014):1–11.

Sarrett,L.H.Max Tishler 1906–1989:A Biographical Memoir. Washington,DC:National Academies Press,1995.

Saturday Review.Letters to the Editor.Saturday Review,January 24,1959,21–23.

Schatz,A.“The True Story of the Discovery of Streptomycin.”Actinomycetes 4,no.2(August 1993):27–39.

Seppa,N.“Low-Tech Bacteria Battle.”Science News,October 4,2014,22–26.Sexton,P.Legends of Literature:The Best Articles,Interviews,and Essays from the Archives of Writer’s Digest Magazine. New York:Writer’s Digest Books,2007.

Shaw,G.The Doctor’s Dilemma,Getting Married,&the Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet. London:Constable &Co.,1947.

Sheehan,J.,et al.“The Fire That Made Penicillin Famous.”Yankee Magazine,November 1982,125–203.

Silberman,C.E.“Drugs:The Pace Is Getting Furious.”Forbes,May 1960,140.

Silcox,H.“Production of Penicillin.”Chemical Engineering News 24,no.20(October 1946):2762–64.

Silverman,M.,et al.Pills,Profits,and Politics. Berkeley:University of California Press,1974.

Smith,I.Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Molecular Determinants of Virulence.Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16,no.3(July 2003):463–96.

Smith,M.Overview of Benzene -Induced Aplastic Anaemia.European Journal of Haemotology—Supplementum 60(1996):107–10.

Starr,P.The Social Transformation of American Medicine:The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry. New York:Basic Books,1984.

Steen,K.The American Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry:War and Politics,1910–1930. Charlotte:University of North Carolina Press,2014.Stephens,T.,et al.Dark Remedy:The Impact of Thalidomide and Its Revival as a Vital Medicine. New York:Basic Books,2001.

Stevenson,W.“Charles Pfizer.”In W.J.Hausman,Immigrant Entrepreneurship:German American Business Biographies 1720 to the Present, Vol.2.Washington,DC:German Historical Institute,2014.

Swann,J.P.Academic Scientists and the Pharmaceutical Industry.

Baltimore,MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,1988.

Swann,J.P.“FDA and the Practice of Pharmacy:Prescription Drug Regulation Before the Durham -Humphrey Amendment of 1951.”Pharmacy in History 36,no.2(1994):55–70.

Tager,M.“John F.Fulton,Coccidioidomycosis,and Penicillin.”Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 49(June 1976):391–98.

Temin,P.Taking Your Medicine:Drug Regulation in the United States.Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1980.

Thagard,P.“The Concept of Disease:Structure and Change.”Communication and Cognition 29(1996):445–78.

Thomas,L.The Youngest Science:Notes of a Medicine Watcher. New York:Viking,1983.

Tillitt,M.H.“Army-Navy Pay Tops Most Civilians’Unmarried Private’s Income Equivalent to $3,600 Salary.”Barron’s National Business and Financial Weekly,April 24,1944.

Tishler,M.Interview with Max Tishler.By L.G.Heitzman.November 14,1983.Philadelphia:Chemical Heritage Society.

Tocqueville,A.de.Reflections:The Revolutions of 1848. New Brunswick,NJ:Transaction Publishers,1987.

Todar,K.“Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tuberculosis.”Todar’s Online Textbook of Bacteriology(2008–2012).Retrieved March 13,2015.textbookofbacteriology.net/tuberculosis_3.html.

Todd,A.,et al.Perspectives in Organic Chemistry. New York:Interscience Publishers,1956.

University of Pennsylvania.“Penicillin and the American Public.”Health,Medicine,and American Culture 1930–1960(2002).Retrieved March 6,2015.ccat.sas.upenn.edu/goldenage/state/pub/sl_pub1.htm.

University of Pennsylvania.“Personal Correspondence:Penicillin.”Health,Medicine,and American Culture 1930–1960(2002).Retrieved March 6,2015.ccat.sas.upenn.edu/goldenage/state/pub/letters/sl_pub_letters_index.htm.

Van de Vijver,G.,et al.The Pre-Psychoanalytic Writings of Sigmund Freud.London:Karnac Books,2002.

Van den Belt,H.Spirochaetes,Serology,and Salvarsan:Ludwig Fleck and the Construction of Medical Knowledge About Syphilis. Wageningen,

Netherlands:Grafisch bedrijf Ponsen &Looijen b.v.,1997.

Volansky,R.“Paul Ehrlich:The Man Behind the‘Magic Bullet.’”HemOnc Today(May 25,2009).

Waksman,S.A.U.S.Streptomycin and the Process of Preparation,Patent No.2,449,866,September 21,1948.

Waksman,S.A.The Conquest of Tuberculosis. Berkeley:University of California Press,1964.

Waksman,S.A.The Antibiotic Era:A History of the Antibiotics and of Their Role in the Conquest of Infectious Diseases and in Other Fields of Human Endeavor. Tokyo:Selman Foundation of Japan,1975.

Waller,J.Leaps in the Dark:The Making of Scientific Reputations. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.

Weidel,W.,et al.“Bagshaped Macromolecules—A New Outlook on Bacterial Cell Walls.”In F.Nord,Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Vol.26.New York:John Wiley &Sons,2009,193–223.

Wirth,T.,et al.“Origin,Spread and Demography of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex.”PLoS Pathogens 4,no.9(September 2008):1–10.Witkop,B.“Paul Ehrlich and His Magic Bullets—Revisited.”Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 143,no.4(December 1999):540–57.

Woese,C.R.“Bacterial Evolution.”Microbiological Reviews 55,no.2(1987):221–71.

Woodward,R.“The Total Synthesis of Vitamin B12.”Pure and Applied

Chemistry 33,no.1(January 1973):145–78.

Woytinsky,E.,et al.World Population and Production:Trends and Outlook.New York:Twentieth Century Fund,1953.

Xue,K.“Superbug:An Epidemic Begins.”Harvard Magazine,May–June 2014,40–49.

Younkin,P.A.Making the Market:How the American Pharmaceutical Industry Transformed Itself During the 1940s. Berkeley,CA:Institute for Research on Labor and Economics,March 2008.

Younkin,P.A.“A Healthy Business:The Evolution of the U.S.Market for Prescription Drugs.”PhD diss.,University of California,Berkeley,2010.

Zachary,G.P.Endless Frontier:Vannevar Bush,Engineer of the Ameri can Century. New York:The Free Press,1997.

Zimmer,C.“We May Be Our Own Best Medicine.”New York Times,September 16,2014,D7.

上一章 封面 书架 已读完