Abegglen, Lisa.M., Aleah.F. Caulin, Ashley Chan, Kristy Lee, Rosann Robinson, Michael.S. Campbell, Wendy.K. Kiso, et.al. “Potential Mechanisms for Cancer Resistance in Elephants and Comparative Cellular Response to DNA Damage in Humans.” Journal of the American Medical Association 314, no..17 (Novem-ber.2015): 1850–60.
Abegglen, Lisa M., Cristhian Toruno, Lauren N. Donovan, Rosann Robinson, Mor Goldfeder, Genevieve Couldwell, Wendy.K. Kiso, et.al. “Abstract A25: Elephant p53 (EP53) Enhances and Restores p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Human and Canine Osteosarcoma.” Clinical Cancer Research 24, no..2 suppl. (January.2018): 48–49.
Aceto, Nicola, Aditya Bardia, David.T. Miyamoto, Maria.C. Donaldson, Ben.S. Wittner, Joel.A. Spencer, Min Yu, Adam Pely, Amanda Engstrom, and Huili Zhu. “Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters Are Oligoclonal Precursors of Breast Cancer Metastasis.” Cell 158, no..5 (2014): 1110–22.
Agrios, G..N. Plant Pathology. Boston: Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.
Aktipis, A. “Principles of Cooperation across Systems: From Human Sharing to Multicellularity and Cancer.” Evolutionary Applications 9, no..1 (2015): 17–36.
Aktipis, A., L. Cronk, D. Sznycer, J. Alcock, J. Ayers, C. Baciu, D. Balliet, et.al. “Understanding Cooperation through Fitness Interdependence.” Nature Human Behavior 2 (2018): 429–431.
Aktipis, C..A. “Is Cooperation Viable in Mobile Organisms? Simple Walk Away Rule Favors the Evolution of Cooperation in Groups.” Evolution and Human Behavior 32, no..4 (2011): 263–76.
Aktipis, C..A. “Know When to Walk Away: Contingent Movement and the Evolu-tion of Cooperation.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 231, no..2 (2004): 249–60.
Aktipis, C..A., A..M. Boddy, R..A. Gatenby, J..S. Brown, and C..C. Maley. “Life History Trade-Offs in Cancer Evolution.” Nature Reviews Cancer 13, no..12 (2013): 883–92.
Aktipis, C..A., Amy.M. Boddy, G. Jansen, U. Hibner, M..E. Hochberg, C..C. Maley, and G..S. Wilkinson. “Cancer across the Tree of Life: Cooperation and Cheating in Multicellularity.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 370, no..1673 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb .2014.0219.
Aktipis, C..A., and E. Fernandez-Duque. “Parental Investment without Kin Recog-nition: Simple Conditional Rules for Parent–Offspring Behavior.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65, no..5 (May.2011): 1079–91.
Aktipis, C..A., C..C. Maley, and J..W. Pepper. “Dispersal Evolution in Neoplasms: The Role of Disregulated Metabolism in the Evolution of Cell Motility.” Cancer Prevention Research 5, no..2 (2012): 266–75.
Aktipis, C..A., and R..M. Nesse. “Evolutionary Foundations for Cancer Biology.” Evolutionary Applications 6, no..1 (2013): 144–59.
Aktipis, C. Athena, Bruce.J. Ellis, Katherine.K. Nishimura, and Robert.A. Hiatt. “Modern Reproductive Patterns Associated with Estrogen Receptor Positive but Not Negative Breast Cancer Susceptibility.” Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2015, no..1 (2015): 52–74. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eou028.
Allam, Bassem, and David Raftos. “Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases in Bivalves.” Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 131 (October.2015): 121–36.
Alston, D..G. The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Concept. Logan: Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, 2011.
Alvarado, L..C. “Do Evolutionary Life-History Trade-Offs Influence Prostate Cancer Risk? A Review of Population Variation in Testosterone Levels and Prostate Cancer Disparities.” Evolutionary Applications 6, no..1 (2013): 117–33.
Archetti, Marco. “Cooperation between Cancer Cells.” Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2018, no..1 (January.2018): 1.
Archetti, Marco, and Kenneth.J. Pienta. “Cooperation among Cancer Cells: Apply-ing Game Theory to Cancer.” Nature Reviews Cancer 19, no. 2 (February 2019): 110–17.
Axelrod, R., D..E. Axelrod, and K..J. Pienta. “Evolution of Cooperation among Tumor Cells.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, no..36 (2006): 13474–79.
Axelrod, Robert, and W..D. Hamilton. “The Evolution of Cooperation.” Science 211, no..4489 (1981): 1390–96.
Bagnardi, V., M. Rota, E. Botteri, I. Tramacere, F. Islami, V. Fedirko, L. Scotti, et.al. “Alcohol Consumption and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.” British Journal of Cancer 112, no..3 (Febru-ary.2015): 580–93.
Belov, Katherine. “The Role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Spread of Contagious Cancers.” Mammalian Genome 22, no. 1–2 (Febru-ary.2011): 83–90.
Ben, Qiwen, Yunwei Sun, Rui Chai, Aihua Qian, Bin Xu, and Yaozong Yuan. “Dietary Fiber Intake Reduces Risk for Colorectal Adenoma: A Meta-Analysis.” Gastroenterology 146, no..3 (March.2014): 689–99.
Bergmüller, Ralph, Rufus.A. Johnstone, Andrew.F. Russell, and Redouan Bshary. “Integrating Cooperative Breeding into Theoretical Concepts of Cooperation.” Behavioural Processes 76, no..2 (2007): 61–72.
Bhatt, Aadra P., Matthew R. Redinbo, and Scott J. Bultman. “The Role of the Microbiome in Cancer Development and Therapy.” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 67, no..4 ( July.2017): 326–44.
Bissell, M..J., and W..C. Hines. “Why Don’t We Get More Cancer? A Proposed Role of the Microenvironment in Restraining Cancer Progression.” Nature Medicine 17, no..3 (2011): 320–29.
Bissell, M..J., and D. Radisky. “Putting Tumours in Context.” Nature Reviews Cancer 1, no..1 (2001): 46–54.
Bockoven, Alison.A., Shawn.M. Wilder, and Micky.D. Eubanks. “Intraspecific Variation among Social Insect Colonies: Persistent Regional and Colony-Level Differences in Fire Ant Foraging Behavior.” PloS One 10, no..7 (2015): e0133868.
Boddy, A..M., H. Kokko, F. Breden, G..S. Wilkinson, and C..A. Aktipis. “Cancer Susceptibility and Reproductive Trade-Offs: A Model of the Evolution of Cancer Defences.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Bio-logical Sciences 370, no..1673 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0220.
Bonner, John Tyler. “The Origins of Multicellularity.” Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews 1, no..1 (1998): 27–36.
Bouvard, Véronique, Dana Loomis, Kathryn.Z. Guyton, Yann Grosse, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Neela Guha, Heidi Mattock, Kurt Straif, and International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. “Carcinogenicity of Consumption of Red and Processed Meat.” Lancet Oncol-ogy 16, no..16 (December.2015): 1599–1600.
“BRCA Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing.” National Cancer Institute, February 5, 2018. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention /genetics/brca-fact-sheet.
Brown, J..S., and C..A. Aktipis. “Inclusive Fitness Effects Can Select for Cancer Suppression into Old Age.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 370, no..1673 (2015). https://doi.org/10 .1098/rstb.2015.0160.
Broxterman, H. J., H..M. Pinedo, C. M. Kuiper, L. C. Kaptein, G. J. Schuurhuis, and J. Lankelma. “Induction by Verapamil of a Rapid Increase in ATP Consump-tion in Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells.” FASEB Journal 2, no..7 (April.1988): 2278–82.
Bullock, A..N., and A..R. Fersht. “Rescuing the Function of Mutant p53.” Nature Reviews Cancer 1, no..1 (October.2001): 68–76.
Burns, Kathleen.H. “Transposable Elements in Cancer.” Nature Reviews Cancer 17, no..7 ( July.2017): 415–24.
Buss, L..W. “Somatic Cell Parasitism and the Evolution of Somatic Tissue Compat-ibility.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 79, no..17 (September.1982): 5337–41.
Buss, Leo.W. The Evolution of Individuality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987. Cairns, J. “Mutation Selection and the Natural History of Cancer.” Nature 255, no..5505 (1975): 197–200. Campisi, Judith. “Cancer and Ageing: Rival Demons?” Nature Reviews Cancer 3, no..5 (May.2003): 339–49. Capasso, Luigi.L. “Antiquity of Cancer.” International Journal of Cancer 113, no..1 ( January.2005): 2–13.
“Carcinogens Listed in the Eleventh Report.” In The Report on Carcinogens, 11th.ed. Durham, NC: National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20090507123840if_ /http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/known.pdf.
Caulin, A..F., and C..C. Maley. “Peto’s Paradox: Evolution’s Prescription for Cancer Prevention.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26, no..4 (February.2011): 175–82.
Cavallo, F., C. De Giovanni, P..Nanni, G. Forni, and P..L. Lollini. “2011: The Immune Hallmarks of Cancer.” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 60, no..3 (2011): 319–26.
Chakrabarty, A..M. “Microorganisms and Cancer: Quest for a Therapy.” Journal of Bacteriology 185, no..9 (May.2003): 2683–86.
Chapman, Anna, Laura Fernandez del Ama, Jennifer Ferguson, Jivko Kamarashev, Claudia Wellbrock, and Adam Hurlstone. “Heterogeneous Tumor Subpopula-tions Cooperate to Drive Invasion.” Cell Reports 8, no. 3 (August 2014): 688–95.
Chiarella, Paula, Juan Bruzzo, Roberto.P. Meiss, and Raúl A. Ruggiero. “Concomi-tant Tumor Resistance.” Cancer Letters 324, no..2 (November.2012): 133–41.
Churchill, Winston.S. November.11, 1947. The International Churchill Soci-ety. https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/quotes/the-worst-form-of -government/.
Clavel-Chapelon, F., and E3N Group. “Cumulative Number of Menstrual Cycles and Breast Cancer Risk: Results from the E3N Cohort Study of French Women.” Cancer Causes and Control 13, no..9 (November.2002): 831–38.
Cline, Melissa.S., Rachel.G. Liao, Michael.T. Parsons, Benedict Paten, Faisal Alquaddoomi, Antonis Antoniou, Samantha Baxter, et.al. “BRCA Challenge: BRCA Exchange as a Global Resource for Variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2.” PLoS Genetics 14, no..12 (December.2018): e1007752.
Coan, P..M., G..J. Burton, and A..C. Ferguson-Smith. “Imprinted Genes in the Placenta — A Review.” Placenta 26, suppl. A (2005): S10–S20. Collado, Manuel, Maria.A. Blasco, and Manuel Serrano. “Cellular Senescence in Cancer and Aging.” Cell 130, no..2 ( July.2007): 223–33.
Connor, Stephen.R., Bruce Pyenson, Kathryn Fitch, Carol Spence, and Kosuke Iwasaki. “Comparing Hospice and Nonhospice Patient Survival among Patients Who Die within a Three-Year Window.” Journal of Pain and Symptom Manage-ment 33, no..3 (March.2007): 238–46.
Correa, Raul, Philip.C. Thornton, Susan.M. Rosenberg, and P..J. Hastings. “Oxygen and RNA in Stress-Induced Mutation.” Current Genetics 64, no..4 (August.2018): 769–76.
Cougnoux, Antony, Guillaume Dalmasso, Ruben Martinez, Emmanuel Buc, Julien Delmas, Lucie Gibold, Pierre Sauvanet, et.al. “Bacterial Genotoxin Colibactin Promotes Colon Tumour Growth by Inducing a Senescence-Associated Secre-tory Phenotype.” Gut 63, no..12 (December.2014): 1932–42.
Cronk, Lee, Colette Berbesque, Thomas Conte, Matthew Gervais, Padmini Iyer, Brighid McCarthy, Dennis Sonkoi, Cathryn Townsend, and Athena Aktipis. “Managing Risk through Cooperation: Need-Based Transfers and Risk Pooling among the Societies of the Human Generosity Project.” In Global Perspectives on Long-Term Community Resource Management, edited by L. Lozny and T. McGovern, 41–75. New York: Springer, 2019.
Cuzick, Jack, Florian Otto, John.A. Baron, Powel.H. Brown, John Burn, Peter Gre-enwald, Janusz Jankowski, et.al. “Aspirin and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Cancer Prevention: An International Consensus Statement.” Lancet Oncology 10, no..5 (May.2009): 501–7.
Dalmasso, Guillaume, Antony Cougnoux, Julien Delmas, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, and Richard Bonnet. “The Bacterial Genotoxin Colibactin Pro-motes Colon Tumor Growth by Modifying the Tumor Microenvironment.” Gut Microbes 5, no..5 (2014): 675–80.
Daum, Hagit, Tamar Peretz, and Neri Laufer. “BRCA Mutations and Reproduc-tion.” Fertility and Sterility 109, no..1 (January.2018): 33–38.
Davis, S., D..K. Mirick, and R..G. Stevens. “Night Shift Work, Light at Night, and Risk of Breast Cancer.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93, no..20 (October.2001): 1557–62.
Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
de Martel, Catherine, Jacques Ferlay, Silvia Franceschi, Jér.me Vignat, Freddie Bray, David Forman, and Martyn Plummer. “Global Burden of Cancers Attrib-utable to Infections in 2008: A Review and Synthetic Analysis.” Lancet Oncol-ogy 13, no..6 ( June.2012): 607–15.
Diaz, Luis.A.,.Jr., Richard.T. Williams, Jian Wu, Isaac Kinde, J..Randolph Hecht, Jordan Berlin, Benjamin Allen, et.al. “The Molecular Evolution of Acquired Resistance to Targeted EGFR Blockade in Colorectal Cancers.” Nature 486, no..7404 ( June.2012): 537–40.
Dobzhansky, Theodosius. “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution.” American Biology Teacher 35, no..3 (March.1973): 125–29.
Dugatkin, Lee Alan. “Animal Cooperation among Unrelated Individuals.” Die Naturwissenschaften 89, no..12 (December.2002): 533–41.
Dunn, Gavin.P., Allen.T. Bruce, Hiroaki Ikeda, Lloyd.J. Old, and Robert.D. Schreiber. “Cancer Immunoediting: From Immunosurveillance to Tumor Escape.” Nature Immunology 3, no..11 (November.2002): 991–98.
Dvorak, Harold.F. “Tumors: Wounds That Do Not Heal.” New England Journal of Medicine 315, no..26 (December.1986): 1650–59.
Eisenhoffer, George T., Patrick D. Loftus, Masaaki Yoshigi, Hideo Otsuna, Chi-Bin Chien, Paul.A. Morcos, and Jody Rosenblatt. “Crowding Induces Live Cell Extrusion to Maintain Homeostatic Cell Numbers in Epithelia.” Nature 484, no..7395 (April.2012): 546–49.
Elser, James.J., Marcia.M. Kyle, Marilyn.S. Smith, and John.D. Nagy. “Biological Stoichiometry in Human Cancer.” PloS One 2, no..10 (2007): e1028.
Ember, Melvin, Carol.R. Ember, and Bobbi.S. Low. “Comparing Explanations of Polygyny.” Cross-Cultural Research 41, no..4 (November.2007): 428–40.
Enriquez-Navas, Pedro.M., Yoonseok Kam, Tuhin Das, Sabrina Hassan, Ariosto Silva, Parastou Foroutan, Epifanio Ruiz, et.al. “Exploiting Evolutionary Princi-ples to Prolong Tumor Control in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer.” Science Translational Medicine 8, no..327 (February.2016): 327ra24.
Ewald, Paul.W. “An Evolutionary Perspective on Parasitism as a Cause of Cancer.” In Advances in Parasitology, vol. 68, 21–43. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 2009.
Featherston, J., and P..M. Durand. “Cooperation and Conflict in Cancer: An Evolutionary Perspective.” South African Journal of Science 108, no..9–10 (January.2012).
Fernandez, André A., and Paul.R. Bowser. “Selection for a Dominant Oncogene and Large Male Size as a Risk Factor for Melanoma in the Xiphophorus Animal Model.” Molecular Ecology 19, no..15 (August.2010): 3114–23.
Ferreri, Andrés J..M., Silvia Govi, Elisa Pasini, Silvia Mappa, Francesco Bertoni, Francesco Zaja, Carlos Montalbán, et.al. “Chlamydophila Psittaci Eradication with Doxycycline as First-Line Targeted Therapy for Ocular Adnexae Lym-phoma: Final Results of an International Phase II Trial.” Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no..24 (August.2012): 2988–94.
Finn, Olivera.J. “Human Tumor Antigens Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.” Can-cer Immunology Research 5, no..5 (May.2017): 347–54.
Fleming, J. M., K. E. Creevy, and D. E..L. Promislow. “Mortality in North American Dogs from 1984 to 2004: An Investigation into Age-, Size-, and Breed-Related Causes of Death.” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 25, no. 2 (March 2011): 187–98.
Fletcher, J..A., and Michael Doebeli. “A Simple and General Explanation for the Evolution of Altruism.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no..1654 (2009): 13–19.
Flossmann, Enrico, Peter.M. Rothwell, and British Doctors Aspirin Trial and the U.K.-TIA Aspirin Trial. “Effect of Aspirin on Long-Term Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Consistent Evidence from Randomised and Observational Studies.” Lancet 369, no..9573 (May.2007): 1603–13.
Frank, S..A., and M..A. Nowak. “Cell Biology: Developmental Predisposition to Cancer.” Nature 422, no..6931 (2003): 494.
Gabrilovich, D., and V. Pisarev. “Tumor Escape from Immune Response: Mecha-nisms and Targets of Activity.” Current Drug Targets 4, no..7 (2003): 525–36.
Gaines, Sara, Ashley.J. Williamson, Neil Hyman, and Jessica Kandel. “How the.Microbiome Is Shaping Our Understanding of Cancer Biology and Its Treatment.” Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery 29, no..1 (March.2018): 12–16.
Gale, K..B., A..M. Ford, R. Repp, A. Borkhardt, C. Keller, O..B. Eden, and M..F. Greaves. “Backtracking Leukemia to Birth: Identification of Clonotypic Gene Fusion Sequences in Neonatal Blood Spots.” Proceedings of the National Acad-emy of Sciences of the United States of America 94, no..25 (December.1997): 13950–54.
Gandhi, Manish.J., and D. Michael Strong. “Donor Derived Malignancy Follow-ing Transplantation: A Review.” Cell and Tissue Banking 8, no..4 (April.2007): 267–86.
G.rtner, H..V., C. Seidl, C. Luckenbach, G. Schumm, E. Seifried, H. Ritter, and B. Bültmann. “Genetic Analysis of a Sarcoma Accidentally Transplanted from a Patient to a Surgeon.” New England Journal of Medicine 335, no..20 (Novem-ber.1996): 1494–96.
Gatenby, Robert.A. “A Change of Strategy in the War on Cancer.” Nature 459, no..7246 (2009): 508–9.
Gatenby, Robert.A., and Robert.J. Gillies. “A Microenvironmental Model of Car-cinogenesis.” Nature Reviews Cancer 8, no..1 (January.2008): 56–61.
Gatenby, Robert.A., Ariosto.S. Silva, Robert.J. Gillies, and B. Roy Frieden. “Adap-tive Therapy.” Cancer Research 69, no..11 ( June.2009): 4894–903.
Gerlinger, M., A..J. Rowan, S. Horswell, J. Larkin, D. Endesfelder, E. Gronroos, P. Martinez, et.al. “Intratumor Heterogeneity and Branched Evolution Revealed by Multiregion Sequencing.” New England Journal of Medicine 366, no..10 (2012): 883–92.
Gerlinger, Marco, Stuart Horswell, James Larkin, Andrew.J. Rowan, Max.P. Salm, Ignacio Varela, Rosalie Fisher, et.al. “Genomic Architecture and Evolution of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas Defined by Multiregion Sequencing.” Nature Genetics 46, no..3 (March.2014): 225–33.
Germain, Pierre-Luc, and Lucie Laplane. “Metastasis as Supra-Cellular Selection? A Reply to Lean and Plutynski.” Biology and Philosophy 32, no..2 (March.2017): 281–87.
Ghoul, Melanie, Ashleigh.S. Griffin, and Stuart.A. West. “Toward an Evolutionary Definition of Cheating.” Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution 68, no..2 (February.2014): 318–31.
Goodman, Brian, and Humphrey Gardner. “The Microbiome and Cancer.” Journal of Pathology 244, no..5 (April.2018): 667–76.
Goodwin, Andrew.C., Christina.E. Destefano Shields, Shaoguang Wu, David.L. Huso, Xinqun Wu, Tracy.R. Murray-Stewart, Amy Hacker-Prietz, et.al. “Poly-amine Catabolism Contributes to Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides Fragilis-Induced Colon Tumorigenesis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108, no..37 (September.2011): 15354–59.
Gould, Stephen.J. “The Median Isn’t the Message.” Discover 6, no..6 (1985): 40–42.
Greaves, M. “Does Everyone Develop Covert Cancer?” Nature Reviews Cancer 14, no..4 (2014): 209–10.
Greaves, M., and C..C. Maley. “Clonal Evolution in Cancer.” Nature 481 (2012): 306–13.
Greaves, M..F. Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Greaves, Mel. “A Causal Mechanism for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukae-mia.” Nature Reviews Cancer 18, no..8 (August.2018): 471–84.
Greaves, Mel, and William Hughes. “Cancer Cell Transmission via the Placenta.” Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2018, no..1 (April.2018): 106–15.
Greaves, Mel.F., Ana Teresa Maia, Joseph.L. Wiemels, and Anthony.M. Ford. “Leu-kemia in Twins: Lessons in Natural History.” Blood 102, no..7 (October.2003): 2321–33.
Green, Jane, Benjamin.J. Cairns, Delphine Casabonne, F..Lucy Wright, Gillian Reeves, and Valerie Beral. “Height and Cancer Incidence in the Million Women Study: Prospective Cohort, and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies of Height and Total Cancer Risk.” Lancet Oncology 12, no..8 (August.2011): 785–94.
Grosberg, Richard.K., and Richard.R. Strathmann. “The Evolution of Multicel-lularity: A Minor Major Transition?” Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 38, no..1 (December.2007): 621–54.
Gugel, E..A., and M..E. Sanders. “Needle-Stick Transmission of Human Colonic Adenocarcinoma.” New England Journal of Medicine 315, no..23 (Decem-ber.1986): 1487.
Gurven, M., and H. Kaplan. “Longevity among Hunter-Gatherers: A Cross-Cultural Examination.” Population and Development Review 33, no..2 (2007): 321–65. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007 .00171.x.
Haeger, Anna, Katarina Wolf, Mirjam.M. Zegers, and Peter Friedl. “Collective Cell Migration: Guidance Principles and Hierarchies.” Trends in Cell Biology 25, no..9 (September.2015): 556–66.
Haig, David. “Genomic Imprinting and the Theory of Parent-Offspring Conflict.” Seminars in Developmental Biology 3 (1992): 153–60.
Haig, David. “Maternal-Fetal Conflict, Genomic Imprinting and Mammalian Vul-nerabilities to Cancer.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Lon-don, Series B: Biological Sciences 370, no..1673 ( July.2015). https://doi.org/10 .1098/rstb.2014.0178.
Hamilton, W..D. “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour. I.” Journal of Theo-retical Biology 7, no..1 ( July.1964): 1–16.
Hamilton, W..D. “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour. II.” Journal of Theo-retical Biology 7, no..1 ( July.1964): 1–16.
Hamilton, W..D., R. Axelrod, and R. Tanese. “Sexual Reproduction as an Adapta-tion to Resist Parasites (a Review).” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87, no..9 (May.1990): 3566–73.
Hanahan, D., and R..A. Weinberg. “The Hallmarks of Cancer.” Cell 100, no..1 (2000): 57–70.
Hanahan, Douglas, and Robert.A. Weinberg. “Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Gen-eration.” Cell 144, no..5 (March.2011): 646–74.
Hansen, Elsa, Robert J. Woods, and Andrew.F. Read. “How to Use a Chemothera-peutic Agent When Resistance to It Threatens the Patient.” PLoS Biology 15, no..2 (2017): e2001110.
Hardy, Kathy, and Philip John Hardy. “1st.Trimester Miscarriage: Four Decades of Study.” Translational Pediatrics 4, no..2 (April.2015): 189–200.
Hauser, David.J., and Norbert Schwarz. “The War on Prevention: Bellicose Cancer Metaphors Hurt (Some) Prevention Intentions.” Personality and Social Psychol-ogy Bulletin 41, no..1 (January.2015): 66–77.
Hawkes, K., J..F. O’Connell, N..G. Jones, H. Alvarez, and E..L. Charnov. “Grand-mothering, Menopause, and the Evolution of Human Life Histories.” Proceed-ings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, no..3 (February.1998): 1336–39.
Health Resources and Services Administration. “Organ Donation Statistics.” Accessed December.19, 2017. https://www.organdonor.gov/statistics-stories /statistics.html.
Higa, Kelly.C., and James DeGregori. “Decoy Fitness Peaks, Tumor Suppression, and Aging.” Aging Cell 18, no..3 ( June.2019): e12938.
Hodi, F. Stephen, Steven.J. O’Day, David.F. McDermott, Robert.W. Weber, Jef-frey.A. Sosman, John.B. Haanen, Rene Gonzalez, et.al. “Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.” New England Journal of Medicine 363, no..8 (August.2010): 711–23.
H.lldobler, Bert, and Edward.O. Wilson. The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies. New York: W..W. Norton and Company, 2009.
Hosseini, Hedayatollah, Milan.M..S. Obradovi., Martin Hoffmann, Kathryn.L. Harper, Maria Soledad Sosa, Melanie Werner-Klein, Lahiri Kanth Nanduri, et.al. “Early Dissemination Seeds Metastasis in Breast Cancer.” Nature 540, no..7634 (December.2016): 552–58.
Huang, Sui. “The War on Cancer: Lessons from the War on Terror.” Frontiers in Oncology 4 (October.2014): 293.
Huang, Yuhui, Shom Goel, Dan.G. Duda, Dai Fukumura, and Rakesh.K. Jain. “Vascular Normalization as an Emerging Strategy to Enhance Cancer Immu-notherapy.” Cancer Research 73, no..10 (May.2013): 2943–48.
Hussell, T., P..G. Isaacson, J..E. Crabtree, and J. Spencer. “Helicobacter Pylori-Specific Tumour-Infiltrating T Cells Provide Contact Dependent Help for the Growth of Malignant B Cells in Low-Grade Gastric Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue.” Journalof Pathology 178, no..2 (February.1996): 122–27.
Iida, Noriho, Amiran Dzutsev, C..Andrew Stewart, Loretta Smith, Nicolas Boula-doux, Rebecca.A. Weingarten, Daniel.A. Molina, et.al. “Commensal Bacteria Control Cancer Response to Therapy by Modulating the Tumor Microenviron-ment.” Science 342, no..6161 (November.2013): 967–70.
Jansen, G., R. Gatenby, and C..A. Aktipis. “Opinion: Control vs. Eradication: Applying Infectious Disease Treatment Strategies to Cancer.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no..4 (2015): 937–38.
Jenkins, Russell.W., David.A. Barbie, and Keith.T. Flaherty. “Mechanisms of Resis-tance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.” British Journal of Cancer 118, no. 1 ( January.2018): 9–16.
Johnson, A., and J..R. Giles. “The Hen as a Model of Ovarian Cancer.” Nature Reviews Cancer 13, no..6 (2013): 432–36.
Jones, Aria. “An Open Letter to People Who Use the ‘Battle’ Metaphor for Other People Who Have the Distinct Displeasure of Cancer.” McSweeney’s Internet Tendency. San Francisco: McSweeney’s Publishing, October.19, 2012. https:// www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/an-open-letter-to-people-who-use-the-battle -metaphor-for-other-people-who-have-the-distinct-displeasure-of-cancer.
Jones, S., W..D. Chen, G. Parmigiani, F. Diehl, N. Beerenwinkel, T. Antal, A. Traulsen, et.al. “Comparative Lesion Sequencing Provides Insights into Tumor Evolution.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, no..11 (2008): 4283–88.
Kajita, Mihoko, Kaoru Sugimura, Atsuko Ohoka, Jemima Burden, Hitomi Sug-anuma, Masaya Ikegawa, Takashi Shimada, et.al. “Filamin Acts as a Key Regula-tor in Epithelial Defence against Transformed Cells.” Nature Communications 5 ( July.2014): 4428.
Kam, Yoonseok, Tuhin Das, Haibin Tian, Parastou Foroutan, Epifanio Ruiz, Gary Martinez, Susan Minton, Robert J. Gillies, and Robert A. Gatenby. “Sweat but No Gain: Inhibiting Proliferation of Multidrug Resistant Cancer Cells with ‘ersatzdroges.’” International Journal of Cancer 136, no. 4 (2015): E188–96.
Kauffman, H. Myron, Maureen A. McBride, Wida.S. Cherikh, Pamela.C. Spain, and Francis.L. Delmonico. “Transplant Tumor Registry: Donors with Central Nervous System Tumors.” Transplantation 73, no..4 (February.2002): 579–82.
Kauffman, H. Myron, Maureen A. McBride, Wida.S. Cherikh, Pamela.C. Spain, William.H. Marks, and Allan.M. Roza. “Transplant Tumor Registry: Donor Related Malignancies.” Transplantation 74, no..3 (August.2002): 358–62.
Keoun, Brad. “Ashkenazim Not Alone: Other Ethnic Groups Have Breast Cancer Gene Mutations, Too.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89, no..1 ( Janu-ary.1997): 8–9.
Knoll, Andrew.H., and David Hewitt. “Phylogenetic, Functional and Geological Perspectives on Complex Multicellularity.” In The Major Transitions in Evolu-tion Revisited, edited by Brett Calcott and Kim Sterelny, 251–70. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011.
Kostadinov, Rumen.L., Mary.K. Kuhner, Xiaohong Li, Carissa.A. Sanchez, Patri-cia.C. Galipeau, Thomas.G. Paulson, Cassandra.L. Sather, et.al. “NSAIDs Modulate Clonal Evolution in Barrett’s Esophagus.” PLoS Genetics 9, no..6 ( June.2013): e1003553.
Kuchenbaecker, Karoline.B., John.L. Hopper, Daniel.R. Barnes, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Thea.M. Mooij, Marie-José Roos-Blom, Sarah Jervis, et.al. “Risks of Breast, Ovar-ian, and Contralateral Breast Cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers.” Journal of the American Medical Association 317, no..23 ( June.2017): 2402–16.
Kurbel, Sven, Stjepko Plestina, and Damir Vrbanec. “Occurrence of the Acquired Immunity in Early Vertebrates due to Danger of Transmissible Cancers Similar to Canine Venereal Tumors.” Medical Hypotheses 68, no..5 (2007): 1185–86.
Kurian, Allison.W., Yun Li, Ann.S. Hamilton, Kevin.C. Ward, Sarah.T. Hawley, Monica Morrow, M..Chandler McLeod, Reshma Jagsi, and Steven.J.
Katz. “Gaps in Incorporating Germline Genetic Testing into Treatment Decision-Making for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.” Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no..20 ( July.2017): 2232–39.
Kwiatkowski, Fabrice, Marie Arbre, Yannick Bidet, Claire Laquet, Nancy Uhrham-mer, and Yves-Jean Bignon. “BRCA Mutations Increase Fertility in Families at Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Risk.” PloS One 10, no..6 ( June.2015): e0127363.
Landis, T..D., and R..K. Dumroese, “Integrated Pest Management — An Overview and Update.” Forest Nursery Notes (2014). https://www.researchgate.net/profile /R_Kasten_Dumroese/publication/272682105_Integrated_pest_management -an_overview_and_update/links/54ebbce10cf2082851be7e2b.pdf.
Lean, Christopher, and Anya Plutynski. “The Evolution of Failure: Explaining Cancer as an Evolutionary Process.” Biology and Philosophy 31, no. 1 ( Janu-ary.2016): 39–57.
Lecuit, Marc, Eric Abachin, Antoine Martin, Claire Poyart, Philippe Pochart, Felipe Suarez, Djaouida Bengoufa, et.al. “Immunoproliferative Small Intesti-nal Disease Associated with Campylobacter Jejuni.” New England Journal of Medicine 350, no..3 (January.2004): 239–48.
“Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts.” Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Pro-gram, National Cancer Institute, accessed June.20, 2019, https://seer.cancer .gov/statfacts/html/leuks.html.
Luebeck, Georg.E., William.D. Hazelton, Kit Curtius, Sean.K. Maden, Ming Yu, Kelly.T. Carter, Wynn Burke, et.al. “Implications of Epigenetic Drift in Colorec-tal Neoplasia.” Cancer Research 79, no..3 (February.2019): 495–504.
Maley, Carlo C., Athena Aktipis, Trevor.A. Graham, Andrea Sottoriva, Amy.M. Boddy, Michalina Janiszewska, Ariosto.S. Silva, et.al. “Classifying the Evo-lutionary and Ecological Features of Neoplasms.” Nature Reviews Cancer 17, no..10 (October.2017): 605–19.
Marin, Ioana, and Jonathan Kipnis. “Learning and Memory . . . and the Immune System.” Learning and Memory 20, no..10 (September.2013): 601–6.
Marlowe, Frank.W. “The Mating System of Foragers in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample.” Cross-Cultural Research 37, no..3 (August.2003): 282–306.
Martincorena, Inigo, Joanna.C. Fowler, Agnieszka Wabik, Andrew.R..J. Lawson, Federico Abascal, Michael.W..J. Hall, Alex Cagan, et.al. “Somatic Mutant Clones Colonize the Human Esophagus with Age.” Science 362, no. 6417 (Novem-ber.2018): 911–17.
Martincorena, Inigo, Amit Roshan, Moritz Gerstung, Peter Ellis, Peter Van Loo, Stuart McLaren, David.C. Wedge, et.al. “Tumor Evolution: High Burden and Pervasive Positive Selection of Somatic Mutations in Normal Human Skin.” Science 348, no..6237 (May.2015): 880–86.
Marusyk, Andriy, Doris.P. Tabassum, Philipp.M. Altrock, Vanessa Almendro, Franziska Michor, and Kornelia Polyak. “Non-Cell-Autonomous Driving of Tumour Growth Supports Sub-Clonal Heterogeneity.” Nature 514, no..7520 (October.2014): 54–58.
Maynard Smith, John. “Group Selection and Kin Selection.” Nature 201 (March.1964): 1145.
Maynard Smith, John, and E.rs Szathmáry. The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Mazzone, M., D. Dettori, R. Leite de Oliveira, S..Loges, T. Schmidt, B. Jonckx, Y..M. Tian, et.al. “Heterozygous Deficiency of PHD2 Restores Tumor Oxygen-ation and Inhibits Metastasis via Endothelial Normalization.” Cell 136, no..5 (2009): 839–51.
McKeown, Thomas, and R..G. Record. “The Influence of Placental Size on Foetal Growth according to Sex and Order of Birth.” Journal of Endocrinology 10, no..1 (November.1953): 73–81.
Meier-Abt, Fabienne, Mohamed Bentires-Alj, and Christoph Rochlitz. “Breast Cancer Prevention: Lessons to Be Learned from Mechanisms of Early Pregnancy-Mediated Breast Cancer Protection.” Cancer Research 75, no..5 (March.2015): 803–7.
Merlo, Lauren.F., J..W. Pepper, Brian.J. Reid, and Carlo.C. Maley. “Cancer as an Evolutionary and Ecological Process.” Nature Reviews Cancer 6, no..12 (2006): 924–35.
Metzger, Michael.J., and Stephen.P. Goff. “A Sixth Modality of Infectious Disease: Contagious Cancer from Devils to Clams and Beyond.” PLoS Pathogens 12, no..10 (October.2016): e1005904.
Meza, R., E..G. Luebeck, and S..H. Moolgavkar. “Gestational Mutations and Car-cinogenesis.” Mathematical Biosciences 197, no..2 (2005): 188–210.
Moller, Henrik. “Lessons for Invasion Theory from Social Insects.” Biological Con-servation 78, no..1 (October.1996): 125–42.
Monk, M., and C. Holding. “Human Embryonic Genes Re-Expressed in Cancer Cells.” Oncogene 20, no..56 (December.2001): 8085–91.
Moore, A..E., C..P. Rhoads, and C..M. Southam. “Homotransplantation of Human Cell Lines.” Science 125, no..3239 ( January.1957): 158–60.
Morange, Michel. “What History Tells Us XXVIII. What Is Really New in the Cur-rent Evolutionary Theory of Cancer?” Journal of Biosciences 37, no..4 (Septem-ber.2012): 609–12.
Moslehi, Roxana, Ranjana Singh, Lawrence Lessner, and Jan M. Friedman. “Impact of BRCA Mutations on Female Fertility and Offspring Sex Ratio.” American Journal of Human Biology 22, no..2 (March.2010): 201–5.
Muehlenbachs, Atis, Julu Bhatnagar, Carlos.A. Agudelo, Alicia Hidron, Mark.L. Eberhard, Blaine.A. Mathison, Michael.A. Frace, et.al. “Malignant Transforma-tion of Hymenolepis Nana in a Human Host.” New England Journal of Medicine 373, no..19 (November.2015): 1845–52.
Mu.oz, Nubia, Xavier Castellsagué, Amy Berrington de González, and Lutz Giss-mann. “Chapter.1: HPV in the Etiology of Human Cancer.” Vaccine 24, suppl. 3 (August.2006): S3/1–10.
Murchison, E..P. “Clonally Transmissible Cancers in Dogs and Tasmanian Devils.” Oncogene 27, suppl. 2 (December.2008): S19–S30.
Murgia, Claudio, Jonathan K. Pritchard, Su Yeon Kim, Ariberto Fassati, and Robin.A. Weiss. “Clonal Origin and Evolution of a Transmissible Cancer.” Cell 126, no..3 (August.2006): 477–87.
Nahta, Rita, Dihua Yu, Mien-Chie Hung, Gabriel.N. Hortobagyi, and Francisco.J. Esteva. “Mechanisms of Disease: Understanding Resistance to HER2-Targeted Therapy in Human Breast Cancer.” Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 3, no..5 (May.2006): 269–80.
National Cancer Institute. “NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms.” Accessed February 2, 2011. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms.
Nesse, Randolph.M. “Natural Selection and the Regulation of Defenses: A Signal Detection Analysis of the Smoke Detector Principle.” Evolution and Human Behavior 26, no..1 (2005): 88–105.
No., Ronald, and Peter Hammerstein. “Biological Markets: Supply and Demand Determine the Effect of Partner Choice in Cooperation, Mutualism and Mat-ing.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 35, no..1 (1994): 1–11.
Nougayrède, Jean-Philippe, Stefan Homburg, Frédéric Taieb, Michèle Boury, Elzbieta Brzuszkiewicz, Gerhard Gottschalk, Carmen Buchrieser, J.rg Hacker, Ulrich Dobrindt, and Eric Oswald. “Escherichia Coli Induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Eukaryotic Cells.” Science 313, no..5788 (August.2006): 848–51.
Nowell, Peter.C. “The Clonal Evolution of Tumor Cell Populations.” Science 194, no..4260 (1976): 23–28.
Nunney, Leonard. “Lineage Selection and the Evolution of Multistage Carcinogen-esis.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 266, no..1418 (March.7, 1999): 493–98.
Nunney, Leonard, Carlo.C. Maley, Matthew Breen, Michael.E. Hochberg, and Joshua.D. Schiffman. “Peto’s Paradox and the Promise of Comparative Oncol-ogy.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biologi-cal Sciences 370, no..1673 ( July.2015). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0177.
Odes, Edward.J., Patrick.S. Randolph-Quinney, Maryna Steyn, Zach Throck-morton, Jacqueline.S. Smilg, Bernhard Zipfel, Tanya.N. Augustine, Frikkie de Beer, et.al. “Earliest Hominin Cancer: 1.7-Million-Year-Old Osteosarcoma from Swartkrans Cave, South Africa.” South African Journal of Science 112, no..7/8 ( July.2016). https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2016/20150471.
Office for National Statistics. “Causes of Death over 100.Years.” September.18, 2017. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/births deathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/causesofdeathover100years/2017-09-18.
Olson, Peter.D., Kristine Yoder, Luis.F. Fajardo, Aileen.M. Marty, Simone van de Pas, Claudia Olivier, and David.A. Relman. “Lethal Invasive Cestodia-sis in Immunosuppressed Patients.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 187, no..12 ( June.2003): 1962–66.
Oronsky, Bryan, Corey.A. Carter, Vernon Mackie, Jan Scicinski, Arnold Oronsky, Neil Oronsky, Scott Caroen, Christopher Parker, Michelle Lybeck, and Tony Reid. “The War on Cancer: A Military Perspective.” Frontiers in Oncology 4 (2014): 387.
Pal, Tuya, David Keefe, Ping Sun, Steven.A. Narod, and Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group. “Fertility in Women with BRCA Mutations: A Case-Control Study.” Fertility and Sterility 93, no..6 (April.2010): 1805–8.
Pardoll, Drew.M. “The Blockade of Immune Checkpoints in Cancer Immuno-therapy.” Nature Reviews Cancer 12, no..4 (March.2012): 252–64. Parvinen, Kalle. “Evolutionary Suicide.” Acta Biotheoretica 53, no..3 (2005): 241–64.
Penn, I., C..G. Halgrimson, and T..E. Starzl. “De Novo Malignant Tumors in Organ Transplant Recipients.” Transplantation Proceedings 3, no..1 (March.1971): 773–78.
Pepper, John.W. “Drugs That Target Pathogen Public Goods Are Robust against Evolved Drug Resistance.” Evolutionary Applications 5, no..7 (November.2012): 757–61.
Perri, Angela, Chris Widga, Dennis Lawler, Terrance Martin, Thomas Loebel, Kenneth Farnsworth, Luci Kohn, and Brent Buenger. “New Evidence of the Earliest Domestic Dogs in the Americas.” bioRxiv, June.27, 2018. https://doi .org/10.1101/343574.
Pesavento, Patricia.A., Dalen Agnew, Michael.K. Keel, and Kevin.D. Woolard. “Cancer in Wildlife: Patterns of Emergence.” Nature Reviews Cancer 18, no..10 (October.2018): 646–61.
Peto, R., F..J. Roe, P..N. Lee, L. Levy, and J. Clack. “Cancer and Ageing in Mice and Men.” British Journal of Cancer 32, no..4 (October.1975): 411–26.
Peto, Richard. “Epidemiology, Multistage Models, and Short-Term Mutagenicity Tests.” International Journal of Epidemiology 45, no..3 (1977): 621–37.
Pfister, G. “Multisensor/Multicriteria Fire Detection: A New Trend Rapidly Becomes State of the Art.” Fire Technology 33, no..2 (May.1997): 115–39.
Pierce, Robert.A., II, Jason Sumners, and Emily Flinn. “Antler Development in White-Tailed Deer: Implications for Management.” University of Missouri Extension, January.2012. https://extension2.missouri.edu/g9486.
Proksch, Ehrhardt, Johanna.M. Brandner, and Jens-Michael Jensen. “The Skin: An Indispensable Barrier.” Experimental Dermatology 17, no..12 (December.2008): 1063–72.
Pye, Ruth.J., David Pemberton, Cesar Tovar, Jose.M..C. Tubio, Karen.A. Dun, Samantha Fox, Jocelyn Darby, et.al. “A Second Transmissible Cancer in Tas-manian Devils.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113, no..2 ( January.2016): 374–79.
Quinlan, Robert.J., and Marsha.B. Quinlan. “Evolutionary Ecology of Human Pair-Bonds: Cross-Cultural Tests of Alternative Hypotheses.” Cross-Cultural Research 41, no..2 (May.2007): 149–69.
Rankin, Erinn.B., and Amato.J. Giaccia. “Hypoxic Control of Metastasis.” Science 352, no..6282 (April.2016): 175–80.
Read, Andrew.F. “The Selfish Germ.” PLoS Biology 15, no..7 ( July.2017): e2003250.
Rebbeck, Clare.A., Rachael Thomas, Matthew Breen, Armand.M. Leroi, and Austin Burt. “Origins and Evolution of a Transmissible Cancer.” Evolution: Interna-tional Journal of Organic Evolution 63, no..9 (September.2009): 2340–49.
Reik, Wolf, Miguel Constancia, Abigail Fowden, Neil Anderson, Wendy Dean, Anne Ferguson-Smith, Benjamin Tycko, and Colin Sibley. “Regulation of Sup-ply and Demand for Maternal Nutrients in Mammals by Imprinted Genes.” Journal of Physiology 547, pt. 1 (February.2003): 35–44.
Robey, Ian F., Brenda K. Baggett, Nathaniel D. Kirkpatrick, Denise J. Roe, Julie Dosescu, Bonnie.F. Sloane, Arig Ibrahim Hashim, et.al. “Bicarbonate Increases Tumor pH and Inhibits Spontaneous Metastases.” Cancer Research 69, no..6 (March.2009): 2260–68.
Rogozin, Igor.B., and Youri.I. Pavlov. “Theoretical Analysis of Mutation Hotspots and Their DNA Sequence Context Specificity.” Mutation Research 544, no..1 (September.2003): 65–85.
Rosalie, David.A., and Michael.R. Zimmerman. “Cancer: An Old Disease, a New Disease or Something in Between?” Nature Reviews Cancer 10, no..10 (2010): 728–33.
Rosenberg, S..M. “Evolving Responsively: Adaptive Mutation.” Nature Reviews Genetics 2, no..7 ( July.2001): 504–15.
Rothschild, Bruce.M., Brian.J. Witzke, and Israel Hershkovitz. “Metastatic Cancer in the Jurassic.” Lancet 354, no..9176 ( July.1999): 398.
Rothwell, Peter.M., F. Gerald.R. Fowkes, Jill.F..F. Belch, Hisao Ogawa, Charles.P. Warlow, and Tom.W. Meade. “Effect of Daily Aspirin on Long-Term Risk of Death due to Cancer: Analysis of Individual Patient Data from Randomised Trials.” Lancet 377, no..9759 (January.2011): 31–41.
Santamaría-Fríes, M., L..F. Fajardo, M..L. Sogin, P..D. Olson, and D..A. Relman. “Lethal Infection by a Previously Unrecognised Metazoan Parasite.” Lancet 347, no..9018 ( June.1996): 1797–1801.
Scanlon, E..F., R..A. Hawkins, W..W. Fox, and W..S. Smith. “Fatal Homotrans-planted Melanoma: A Case Report.” Cancer 18 ( June.1965): 782–89.
Schiffman, Joshua.D., and Matthew Breen. “Comparative Oncology: What Dogs and Other Species Can Teach Us about Humans with Cancer.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 370, no..1673 ( July.2015). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0231.
Schiffman, Joshua.D., Richard.M. White, Trevor.A. Graham, Qihong Huang, and Athena Aktipis. “The Darwinian Dynamics of Motility and Metastasis.” In Fron-tiers in Cancer Research, 135–76. New York: Springer, 2016.
Scott, Alasdair.J., Claire.A. Merrifield, Jessica.A. Younes, and Elizabeth.P. Pekel-haring. “Pre-, Pro-and Synbiotics in Cancer Prevention and Treatment — A Review of Basic and Clinical Research.” ecancermedicalscience 12 (Septem-ber.2018): 869.
Siddle, Hannah.V., and Jim Kaufman. “A Tale of Two Tumours: Comparison of the Immune Escape Strategies of Contagious Cancers.” Molecular Immunology 55, no..2 (September.2013): 190–93.
Siegel, R..L., K..D. Miller, and A. Jemal. “Cancer Statistics, 2018.” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 68, no..1 (2018): 7–30.
Smith, K..R., H..A. Hanson, G..P. Mineau, and S..S. Buys. “Effects of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations on Female Fertility.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 279, no..1732 (2011): 1389–95. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb .2011.1697.
Sober, Elliott, and David Sloan Wilson. Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Sonnenschein, C., and A..M. Soto. The Society of Cells: Cancer and Control of Cell Proliferation. New York: Springer, 1999.
Sprouffske, Kathleen, C..Athena Aktipis, Jerald.P. Radich, Martin Carroll, Aurora.M. Nedelcu, and Carlo.C. Maley. “An Evolutionary Explanation for the Presence of Cancer Nonstem Cells in Neoplasms.” Evolutionary Applica-tions 6, no..1 ( January.2013): 92–101.
St.hl, Patrik.L., Henrik Stranneheim, Anna Asplund, Lisa Berglund, Fredrik Pon-tén, and Joakim Lundeberg. “Sun-Induced Nonsynonymous p53 Mutations Are Extensively Accumulated and Tolerated in Normal Appearing Human Skin.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 131, no..2 (February.2011): 504–8.
Sulak, Michael, Lindsey Fong, Katelyn Mika, Sravanthi Chigurupati, Lisa Yon, Nigel.P. Mongan, Richard.D. Emes, and Vincent.J. Lynch. “TP53 Copy Num-ber Expansion Is Associated with the Evolution of Increased Body Size and an Enhanced DNA Damage Response in Elephants.” eLife 5 (September.2016). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11994.
Summers, K., J. da Silva, and M..A. Farwell. “Intragenomic Conflict and Cancer.” Medical Hypotheses 59, no..2 (August.2002): 170–79.
Sun Tzu. The Art of War: Complete Texts and Commentaries. Translated by the Denma Translation Group. Boulder, CO: Shambhala Classics, 2005.
Tai, Guangping, Michael Tai, and Min Zhao. “Electrically Stimulated Cell Migra-tion and Its Contribution to Wound Healing.” Burns and Trauma 6 ( July.9, 2018): 20.
Temel, Jennifer.S., Joseph.A. Greer, Alona Muzikansky, Emily.R. Gallagher, Sonal Admane, Vicki.A. Jackson, Constance.M. Dahlin, et.al. “Early Palliative Care for Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” New England Journal of Medicine 363, no..8 (August.2010): 733–42.
Thomas, Frédéric, Thomas Madsen, Mathieu Giraudeau, Dorothée Misse, Rodrigo Hamede, Orsolya Vincze, Fran.ois Renaud, Benjamin Roche, and Beata Ujvari. “Transmissible Cancer and the Evolution of Sex.” PLoS Biology 17, no..6 ( June.2019): e3000275.
Tiede, Benjamin, and Yibin Kang. “From Milk to Malignancy: The Role of Mam-mary Stem Cells in Development, Pregnancy and Breast Cancer.” Cell Research 21, no..2 (February.2011): 245–57.
Tollis, Marc, Jooke Robbins, Andrew.E. Webb, Lukas.F..K. Kuderna, Aleah.F. Caulin, Jacinda.D. Garcia, Martine Bèrubè, et.al. “Return to the Sea, Get Huge, Beat Cancer: An Analysis of Cetacean Genomes Including an Assembly for the Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae).” Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no..8 (August.2019): 1746–63.
Topalian, Suzanne.L., F. Stephen Hodi, Julie.R. Brahmer, Scott.N. Gettinger, David.C. Smith, David.F. McDermott, John.D. Powderly, et.al. “Safety, Activ-ity, and Immune Correlates of Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Cancer.” New England Journal of Medicine 366, no..26 ( June.2012): 2443–54.
Trigos, Anna.S., Richard.B. Pearson, Anthony.T. Papenfuss, and David.L. Goode. “Altered Interactions between Unicellular and Multicellular Genes Drive Hall-marks of Transformation in a Diverse Range of Solid Tumors.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114, no..24 ( June.2017): 6406–11.
Trivers, Robert.L. “The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism.” Quarterly Review of Biology 46, no..1 (March.1971): 35–57.
Turajlic, Samra, and Charles Swanton. “Metastasis as an Evolutionary Process.” Science 352, no..6282 (April.2016): 169–75.
Turner, Kristen.M., Viraj Deshpande, Doruk Beyter, Tomoyuki Koga, Jessica Rusert, Catherine Lee, Bin Li, et.al. “Extrachromosomal Oncogene Amplification Drives Tumour Evolution and Genetic Heterogeneity.” Nature 543 (Febru-ary.2017): 122.
Ukraintseva, Svetlana.V., Konstantin.G. Arbeev, Igor Akushevich, Alexander Kul-minski, Liubov Arbeeva, Irina Culminskaya, Lucy Akushevich, and Anatoli.I. Yashin. “Trade-Offs between Cancer and Other Diseases: Do They Exist and Influence Longevity?” Rejuvenation Research 13, no..4 (August.2010): 387–96.
Vaughan, Thomas.L., Linda.M. Dong, Patricia.L. Blount, Kamran Ayub, Rob-ert.D. Odze, Carissa.A. Sanchez, Peter.S. Rabinovitch, and Brian.J. Reid. “Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Neoplastic Progres-sion in Barrett’s Oesophagus: A Prospective Study.” Lancet Oncology 6, no..12 (December.2005): 945–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70431-9.
Vousden, Karen.H., and Xin Lu. “Live or Let Die: The Cell’s Response to p53.” Nature Reviews Cancer 2, no..8 (August.2002): 594–604.
Waldman, Katy. “We’re Finally Winning the Battle against the Phrase ‘Battle with Cancer.’” Slate, July.30, 2015. https://slate.com/human-interest/2015/07/how -battle-with-cancer-is-being-replaced-by-journey-with-cancer.html.
Walsh, Justin.T., Simon Garnier, and Timothy.A. Linksvayer. “Ant Collective Behav-ior Is Heritable and Shaped by Selection.”.bioRxiv.(March.2019): 567503.
Wang, Xu, Donald.C. Miller, Rebecca Harman, Douglas.F. Antczak, and Andrew.G. Clark. “Paternally Expressed Genes Predominate in the Placenta.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110, no..26 ( June.2013): 10705–10.
Wang, Yu, Chenzhou Zhang, Nini Wang, Zhipeng Li, Rasmus Heller, Rong Liu, Yue Zhao, et.al. “Genetic Basis of Ruminant Headgear and Rapid Antler Regen-eration.” Science 364, no..6446 ( June.2019). https://doi.org/10.1126/science .aav6335.
Wasielewski, H., J. Alcock, and A. Aktipis. “Resource Conflict and Cooperation between Human Host and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Nutrition and Health.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1372, no..1 (2016): 20–28.
Whisner, C., and A. Aktipis. “The Role of the Microbiome in Cancer Initiation and Progression: How Microbes and Cancer Cells Utilize Excess Energy and Pro-mote One Another’s Growth.” Current Nutrition Reports 8, no..1 (March.2019): 42–51.
White, Philip.R., and Armin.C. Braun. “A Cancerous Neoplasm of Plants: Autono-mous Bacteria-Free Crown-Gall Tissue.” Cancer Research 2, no..9 (1942): 597–617.
Wirén, Sara, Christel H.ggstr.m, Hanno Ulmer, Jonas Manjer, Tone Bj.rge, Gabri-ele Nagel, Dorthe Johansen, et.al. “Pooled Cohort Study on Height and Risk of Cancer and Cancer Death.” Cancer Causes and Control 25, no..2 (Febru-ary.2014): 151–59.
Witherow, Beth Ann, Gregory.S. Roth, Mark.A. Carrozza, Ronald.W. Freyberg, Jonathan.E. Kopke, Rita.R. Alloway, Joseph.F. Buell, et.al. “The Israel Penn International Transplant Tumor Registry.” AMIA Annual Symposium Proceed-ings (2003): 1053.
Wu, Shaoguang, Ki-Jong Rhee, Emilia Albesiano, Shervin Rabizadeh, Xinqun Wu, Hung-Rong Yen, David.L. Huso, et.al. “A Human Colonic Commensal Promotes Colon Tumorigenesis via Activation of T Helper Type 17.T Cell Responses.” Nature Medicine 15, no..9 (September.2009): 1016–22.
Wynendaele, Evelien, Frederick Verbeke, Matthias D’Hondt, An Hendrix, Chris-tophe Van De Wiele, Christian Burvenich, Kathelijne Peremans, Olivier De Wever, Marc Bracke, and Bart De Spiegeleer. “Crosstalk between the Micro-biome and Cancer Cells by Quorum Sensing Peptides.” Peptides 64 (Febru-ary.2015): 40–48.
Yokoyama, Akira, Nobuyuki Kakiuchi, Tetsuichi Yoshizato, Yasuhito Nannya, Hiromichi Suzuki, Yasuhide Takeuchi, Yusuke Shiozawa, et.al. “Age-Related Remodelling of Oesophageal Epithelia by Mutated Cancer Drivers.” Nature 565, no..7739 (January.2019): 312–17.
Zhang, Jingsong, Jessica.J. Cunningham, Joel.S. Brown, and Robert.A. Gatenby. “Integrating Evolutionary Dynamics into Treatment of Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer.” Nature Communications 8, no..1 (November.2017): 1816.