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BBC News, ‘James Cracknell “Lucky to Be Alive” after US Bike Crash’, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11411630, September 2010.
Bennett, Hayley M., Mok, Hoi Ping, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Tsai, Isheng J., Stanley, Eleanor J., et al., ‘The Genome of the Sparganosis Tapeworm Spirometra Erinaceieuropaei Isolated from the Biopsy of a Migrating Brain Lesion’, Genome Biology, November 2014.
Biography.com, ‘Gabrielle Giffords’, http://www.biography.com/people/gabrielle-giffords-20550593.
Boatman, D., Freeman, J., Vining, E., Pulsifer, M., Miglioretti, D., et al., ‘Language Recovery after Left Hemispherectomy in Children with Late-onset Seizures’, Annals of Neurology, October 1999.
Brodey, Sam, ‘Missouri is About to Execute a Man Who’s Missing Part of His Brain’, Motherjones.com, March 2015.
Callahan, Maureen, ‘Cole Cohen: “Am I going crazy? What’s wrong with me?”’, News Corporation Australia, May 2015.
Choi ,Charles, ‘Strange but True: When Half a Brain Is Better than a Whole One’, Scientific American, May 2007.
Cohen, Cole, Head Case: My Brain and Other Wonders, Henry Holt & Co., 2015.
DeNoon, Daniel J., ‘Gabrielle Giffords’ Brain Injury: FAQ’, http://www.webmd.com/brain/news/20110109/gabrielle-giffords-brain-injury-faq, January 2011.
Feuillet, Lionel, Dufour, Henry, Pelletier, Jean, ‘Brain of a White-collar Worker’, The Lancet, July 2007.
Glickstein, Mitch, ‘What Does the Cerebellum Really Do?’, Current Biology, October 2007.
Gupta, Sujata, ‘Will Gabrielle Giffords Recover?’, New Scientist, January 2011.
Hamilton, Jon, ‘A Man’s Incomplete Brain Reveals Cerebellum’s Role in Thought And Emotion’, http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/16/392789753/a-man-s-incomplete-brain-reveals-cerebellum-s-role-in-thought-and-emotion, March 2015.
Healy, Melissa, ‘Beyond the Bullet: Surviving a Shot to the Head Carries Host of Challenges’, http://phys.org/news/2011-01-bullet-surviving-shot-host.html, January 2011.
Hemispherectomy Foundation, The, ‘Facts about Hemispherectomy’, http://hemifoundation.homestead.com/facts.html.
Hogan, M. J., Staff, R. T., Bunting, B. P., Murray, A. D., Ahearn, T. S., et al., ‘Cerebellar Brain Volume Accounts for Variance in Cognitive Performance in Older Adults’, Cortex, April 2011.
Holloway, V., Gadian, D. G., Vargha-Khadem, F., Porter, D. A., Boyd, S. G., and Connelly, A., ‘The Reorganization of Sensorimotor Function in Children after Hemispherectomy: A Functional MRI and Somatosensory Evoked Potential Study’, Brain, December 2000.
Hopegood, Rosie, ‘James Cracknell on his Devastating Accident: “My Brain Injury Turned Me into a Completely Different Person”’, Mirror.co.uk, October 2015.
Johnson, Sara B., Blum, Robert W., and Giedd, J. N., ‘Adolescent Maturity and the Brain: The Promise and Pitfalls of Neuroscience Research in Adolescent Health Policy’, Journal of Adolescent Health, September 2009.
Lew, Sean M., ‘Hemispherectomy in the Treatment of Seizures: A Review’, Translational Pediatrics, July 2014.
Lin, Y., Harris, D. A., Curry, D. J., and Lam S., ‘Trends in Outcomes, Complications, and Hospitalization Costs for Hemispherectomy in the United States for the Years 2000–2009’, Epilepsia, January 2015.
Macmillan, Malcolm, ‘Phineas Gage – Unravelling the Myth’, The Psychologist, https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-21/edition-9/phineas-gage-unravelling-myth, September 2008.
Marquez de la Plata, C. D., Hart, T., Hammond, F. M., Frol, A. B., Hudak, A., et al., ‘Impact of Age on Long-term Recovery From Traumatic Brain Injury’, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, May 2008.
Marshall, Kelly, and Marrapodi, Eric, ‘Born with Half a Brain, Woman Living Full Life’, http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/10/12/woman.brain/ index.html?iref=24hours, October 2009.
Monk, V., ‘James Cracknell: I won’t let doctors tell me what to do’, Telegraph. co.uk, February 2015.
Moosa, Ahsan N. V., Jehi, Lara, Marashly, Ahmad, Cosmo, Gary, Lachhwani, Deepak, et al.,. ‘Long-term Functional Outcomes and Their Predictors after Hemispherectomy in 115 Children’, Epilepsia, October 2013.
Mosenthal, A. C., Livingston, D. H., Lavery, R. F., Knudson, M. M., Lee, S., et al., ‘The Effect of Age on Functional Outcome in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: 6-Month Report of a Prospective Multicenter Trial’, Journal of Trauma, May 2004.
Muckli, Lars, Naumer, Marcus J., and Singer, W., ‘Bilateral Visual Field Maps in a Patient with Only One Hemisphere’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, June 2009.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum information page, http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/agenesis/ agenesis.htm, May 2016.
Nudo, Randolph J., ‘Recovery after Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Principles’, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, December 2013.
O’Driscoll, Kieran, and Leach, John Paul, ‘“No longer Gage”: An Iron Bar Through the Head’, British Medical Journal, December 1998.
Paradiso, S., Andreasen, N. C., O’Leary, D. S., Arndt, S., and Robinson, R. G., ‘Cerebellar Size and Cognition: Correlations with IQ, Verbal Memory and Motor Dexterity’, Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, January 1997.
Pilkington, Ed, ‘Missouri Cxecutes Cecil Clayton, State’s Oldest Death-row Inmate’, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/18/missouri-executes-cecil-clayton-supreme-court, March 2015.
Schell-Apacik, C. C., Wagner, K., Bihler, M., Ertl-Wagner, B., Heinrich, U., et al., ‘Agenesis and Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum: Clinical, Genetic and Neuroimaging Findings in a Series of 41 Patients’, American Journal of Medical Genetics, October 2008.
Teaches, Melyssa, ‘Sharon Parker: The Woman with the Mysterious Brain’, http://mymultiplesclerosis.co.uk/ep/sharon-parker-the-woman-with-the-mysterious-brain/, July 2015.
Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Monteiro, Myriam, Andrade, Juliana, Bramatia, Ivanei E., Vianna-Barbosa, Rodrigo, et al., ‘Structural and Functional Brain Rewiring Clarifies Preserved Interhemispheric Transfer in Humans Born without the Corpus Callosum’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May 2014.
University of Glasgow, ‘Scientists Reveal Secret of Girl with “All Seeing Eye”’, University of Glasgow website, July 2009.
Yu, Feng, Jiang, Qing-jun, Sun, Xi-yan, and Zhang, Rong-wei, ‘A New Case of Complete Primary Cerebellar Agenesis: Clinical and Imaging Findings in a Living Patient’, Brain, June 2015.
第7章 遭遇攻击：某些部分持续恶化时，脑会做何反应Achiron, A. Measuring disability progression in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol (2006) 253: vi31.
Alcohol Concern, ‘Alcohol-Related Brain Damage: What Is It?’ factsheet, 2016.
Alcoholconcern.org.uk, ‘Alcohol Statistics’, https://www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/alcohol-statistics, August 2016.
Alcohol Pharmacology Education Partnership, The, ‘Module 2: The ABCs of Intoxication’, https://sites.duke.edu/apep/module-2-the-abcs-of-intoxication/
Alzheimer’s Association, ‘Dementia with Lewy Bodies’, http://www.alz.org/dementia/dementia-with-lewy-bodies-symptoms.asp.
Alzheimer’s Disease International, ‘Dementia Statistics’, www.alz.co.uk/research/statistics.
Alzheimer’s Society, ‘What Is dementia?’, https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents.php?categoryID=200360.
Ibid., ‘The Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias’, https:// www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=133, April 2015.
Ibid., ‘What is Alcohol-related Brain Damage?’. https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/ site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=98, October 2015.
BBC News, ‘Belfast Man with vCJD Dies after Long Battle’, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-12667709, March 2011.
Ibid., ‘First CJD Drug Trial Patient Dies’, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/ health/1687339.stm, 2 December 2001.
Bloudoff-Indelicato, Mollie, ‘Jack Osbourne: “Don’t Let MS Control Your Life”’, http://www.everydayhealth.com/multiple-sclerosis/living-with/jack-osbourne-dont-let-ms-control-your-life/, February 2016.
Brockes, Emma, ‘To the last breath’, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2002/jan/15/medicalscience.health, 15 January 2002.
Collie, D. A., Summers, D. M., Sellar, R. J., Ironside, J. W., Cooper, S., et al., ‘Diagnosing Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease with the Pulvinar Sign: MR Imaging Findings in 86 Neuropathologically Confirmed Cases’, AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology, September 2003.
Dailymail.co.uk, ‘Fresh Hope as CJD Victim Improves’, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-66176/Fresh-hope-CJD-victim-improves.html.
Day, E., Bentham, P. W., Callaghan, R., Kuruvilla, T., and George, S., ‘Thiamine for Prevention and Treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in People Who Abuse Alcohol’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 7, 2013.
De Stefano, N., Airas, L., Grigoriadis, N., Mattle, H. P., O’Riordan, J., et al. ‘Clinical Relevance of Brain Volume Measures in Multiple Sclerosis’, CNS Drugs, February 2014 Feb.
European Multiple Sclerosis Platform, Defeating MS Together: The European Code of Good Practice in MS, September 2014.
Harmon, Katherine, ‘How Has Stephen Hawking Lived Past 70 with ALS?’, Scientific American, January 2012.
Hawking.org.uk, ‘Brief Biography’, http://www.hawking.org.uk/about-stephen.html.
Hellerstein, David, ‘Depression and Anxiety Disorders Damage Your Brain, Especially When Untreated’, Psychology Today, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/heal-your-brain/201107/depression-and-anxiety-disorders-damage-your-brain-especially-when, July 2011.
Help for Alzheimer’s Families, ‘Americans Rank Alzheimer’s as Most Feared Disease’, . http://www.helpforalzheimersfamilies.com/alzheimers-dementia-care-services/alzheimers_feared_disease/, November 2012.
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Honig, L. S., and Mayeux, R., ‘Natural History of Alzheimer’s Disease’, Aging, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11442300, June 2001.
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Kantarci, K., Lesnick, T., Ferman, T. J., Pryzbelski, S. A., Boeve, B. F., et al., ‘Hippocampal Volumes Predict Risk of Dementia with Lewy Bodies in Mild Cognitive Impairment’, Neurology, November 2016.
Lillo, P., and Hodges, J. R., ‘Cognition and Behaviour in Motor Neurone Disease’, Current Opinion in Neurology, December 2010.
Luerding, Ralf, Gebel, Sophie, Gebel, Eva-Maria, Schwab-Malek, Susanne, and Weissert, Robert, ‘Influence of Formal Education on Cognitive Reserve in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis’, Frontiers in Neurology, March 2016.
McCoy, Terrence, ‘How Stephen Hawking Is Still Alive, Defying ALS and the Worst Expectations’, independent.co.uk, http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/how-stephen-hawking-is-still-alive-defying-als-and-the-worst-expectations-10074974.html, 27 February 2015.
Mental Health Foundation, Fundamental Facts About Mental Health 2015, https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/publications/fundamental-facts-about-mental-health-2015, October 2015.
Mezzapesa, D. M., Ceccarelli, A., Dicuonzo, F., Carella, A., De Caro, M. F., et al., ‘Whole-Brain and Regional Brain Atrophy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis’, American Journal of Neuroradiology, February 2007.
Mirror.co.uk., ‘Longest Surviving Victim of vCJD Holly Mills Dies in Her Sleep’, http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/longest-surviving-victim-of-vcjd-holly-98217, 27 November 2011.
Motor Neurone Disease Association, ‘Different Types of MND’, http://www.mndassociation.org/what-is-mnd/different-types-of-mnd/
MS International Federation, ‘What Is MS?’, https://www.msif.org/about-ms/what-is-ms/, October 2016.
National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, The, http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/index.html, University of Edinburgh website.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, ‘Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Fact Sheet’, http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cjd/detail_cjd.htm, March 2003.
National Institute on Aging, ‘Alzheimer’s Disease: Unraveling the Mystery – The Changing Brain in Healthy Aging’, https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/part-1-basics-healthy-brain/changing-brain-healthy-aging, January 2015.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, The Neurotoxicity of Alcohol, http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/10report/chap02e.pdf.
Ibid., ‘Alcohol Alert’, no. 46, http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa46.htm, December 1999.
NHS Choices, ‘Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease’, http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx, July 2015.
Ibid., ‘Multiple Sclerosis – Symptoms’, http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Multiple-sclerosis/Pages/Symptoms.aspx.
Office for National Statistics, ‘Deaths Registered in England and Wales (Series DR): 2015’, https://www.ons.gov.uk/ peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/ bulletins/deathsregisteredinenglandandwalesseriesdr/2015.
Oliver, Joe, ‘CJD Survivor Still Defying the Odds’, belfasttelegraph.co.uk, http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/cjd-survivor-still-defying-the-odds-28459301.html, December 2008.
Parry, A., Baker, I., Stacey, R., and Wimalaratna. S., ‘Long term Survival in a Patient with Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Treated with Intraventricular Pentosan Polysulphate’, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, July 2007.
Patients Association, The, ‘Dementia Overtakes Cancer as UK’s Most Feared Illness’, http://www.patients-association.org.uk/press-release/dementia-overtakes-cancer-uks-feared-illness/, February 2015.
Peters, R., ‘Ageing and the Brain’, Postgraduate Medical Journal, February 2006.
ScienMag.com, ‘Study: Lack of Brain Shrinkage May Help Predict Who Develops Dementia with Lewy Bodies’, . http://scienmag.com/study-lack-of-brain-shrinkage-may-help-predict-who-develops-dementia-with-lewy-bodies/, November 2016.
Shiee, N., Bazin, P. L., Zackowski, K. M., Farrell, S. K., Harrison, D. M., et al., ‘Revisiting Brain Atrophy and Its Relationship to Disability in Multiple Sclerosis’, PLoS One, May 2012.
Stanford Medicine News Center, ‘Different Mental Disorders Linked to Same Brain-matter Loss, Study Finds’, https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/02/different-mental-disorders-cause-same-brain-matter-loss. html, 4 February 2015.
Steinman, Lawrence, ‘No Quiet Surrender: Molecular Guardians in Multiple Sclerosis Brain’, Journal of Clinical Investigation, April 2015.
Stern, Y., ‘Cognitive Reserve in Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease’, Lancet Neurology, November 2012.
Stern, Yaakov, ‘Cognitive Reserve and Alzheimer Disease’, Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, Vol. 20, April/June 2006.
Sullivan, Edith V., Harris, R. Adron, and Pfefferbaum, Adolf, ‘Alcohol’s Effects on Brain and Behavior’, Alcohol Research & Health, January 2010.
Telegraph.co.uk, ‘Ozzy Osbourne’s Son Jack Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis’, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9337002/Ozzy-Osbournes-son-Jack-diagnosed-with-multiple-sclerosis.html, June 2012.
Topiwala, Anya, Allan, Charlotte L., Valkanova, Vyara, Zsoldos, Enikő, Filippini, Nicola, et al., ‘Moderate Alcohol Consumption as Risk Factor for Adverse Brain Outcomes and Cognitive Decline: Longitudinal Cohort Study’, British Medical Journal, May 2017.
UCSF Memory and Aging Center, ‘Alzheimer’s Disease’, http://memory.ucsf.edu/education/diseases/alzheimer.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 10th Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health: Highlights from Current Research, June 2000.
World Health Organization, ‘Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease’, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs180/en/, February 2012.
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Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Israel, S., Blumenthal, J. A., Poulton, R., and Moffitt, T. E. ‘Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Function in Midlife: Neuroprotection or Neuroselection?’, Annals of Neurology, April 2015.
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Cox, E. P., O’Dwyer, N., Cook, R., Vetter, M., Cheng, H. L., et al., ‘Relationship between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Apparently Healthy Young to Middle-aged Adults: A Systematic Review’, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, August 2016.
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Gillman, M. W., and Rich-Edwards, J. W., ‘The Fetal Origin of Adult Disease: From Sceptic to Convert’, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, July 2000.
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Hagenaars, S. P., Harris, S. E., Davies, G., Hill, W. D., Liewald, D. C., et al., ‘Shared Genetic Aetiology between Cognitive Functions and Physical and Mental Health in UK Biobank (N=112 151) and 24 GWAS Consortia’, Molecular Psychiatry, November 2016.
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