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索引

索引

(索引中页码为本书页边码)

Abbud-Madrid,Angel,170

Ad Astra Rocket Company,339

Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies(Moon Treaty),159,215

Aldrin,Buzz,186-187,242,246-247

Aldrin Mars Cycler,242

Allen,John,57

All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer,227

Almaz space station,119

Alpha Centauri,103,244,337,341

aluminum,163,165,169-170

aluminum-ice(ALICE),104-105

ammonia,203,205,211,228,328-329

Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station,34-35

Ansari,Anousheh,124

Ansari Ⅹ Prize,134

Anserlian,Garo,286

Antarctica,27,29-37,44

Antarctic Treaty,31,36,160

antimatter,116,341-342

Apollo 1,3,8

Apollo 10,243

Apollo 11,4,190,223

Apollo 13,4,6,8

Apollo 14,84

Apollo 16,6,83

Apollo 17,6,83

Apollo program,152-153

appendicitis,92-93

aquaponics,261

“areology,” 287

argon,258-259

Ariane 5 rocket,113

Armstrong,Neil,4,186

Armstrong limit,299,301

Army Ballistic Missile Agency,107

Arthur,Isaac,326-327

artificial gravity. See centrifugal force

artificial intelligence(AI),272

Asimov,Isaac,203,282,326

Asteroid Redirect Mission(ARM),211-212

asteroids:as habitats,21,217-218;defined,201-204;impacts on Earth,22-23;mining on,5,209-212;near-earth,201,206-207;potential profit from,209-215;as starships,218;water on,205

Atlas rockets,109,113

atmospheric pressure,41,251,297

augmented reality,272-273

autonomous vehicles,271

azotosome,326

Baker,David,223,234

Bannon,Steve,59

Bass,Ed,57,60

Bassingthwaighte,Tristan,278

Bean,Alan,238-239

Bennu asteroid,206

Berezovoy,Anatoly,45

Bezos,Jeff,136

BFR,SpaceX rocket,109-110

Bigelow,Robert,125,126-127

Bigelow Aerospace,77,114,125-126,129

Bigelow Expandable Activity Module(BEAM),125-126

bioregenerative life support system(BLSS),195-198,260

Biosphere 2,56-61,275

Blue Origin,114,123,136

bone loss,68-69

boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs),91

brain damage. See cognitive health risks

Branson,Richard,135

Braun,Wernher von,99,107,150

Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project,341

Brin,David,108n

Buran space shuttle,134

Bush,George H.W.,222,230-231

Bush,George W.,223

Callisto,314,318-319

Canadian Space Agency,120,228

carbon nanotubes,142-143

Carter,Jimmy,170,222

Case for MarsThe(book),227,270

Case for Mars,The(conference),259n

Cassini spacecraft,320-321

centrifugal force,73-74,236-238

Centrifuge Accommodations Module(CAM),76-77

Ceres,201-203,208,215-218

CERN,92

Cernan,Eugene,148,174,176,194

Chaffee,Roger,3

Chandrayaan-1 mission,162,180

Chang Díaz,Franklin,339

Charon,331-332

Chelomey,Vladimir,119

China:asteroid mining by,213;Mars plans of,220,230,249,276;National Space Administration(CNSA),154;rare-earth elements from,168;space race by,13,123,154-156;space stations of,121-122;US exclusion policy against,158

circulatory system,69-70

climate change,23-25

Clinton,Bill,222

cobalt,204,211

cochlear implants,272-273

cognitive health risks,70,85-89

colonization,definition of,32

comets,63,202,333-334;as starships,334

Comité Speciale de l’Année Geophysique Internationale(CSAGI),149

Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004,136

Concorde,138-139

Concordia Research Station,48

ConsenSys,208-209

Controlled Environment Agriculture Center(CEAC),35-36,195

Cook,Frederick A.,54-55

coronal mass ejection(CME),80-81

cosmic rays. See radiation:cosmic

cosmic ray visual phenomena,86

Cox Report,158

cryptocurrency,209

CubeSat,114n

Cucinotta,Francis,83,88-89

Curiosity rover,239,251,259,272,274

DARPA(US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency),133

Dawn spacecraft,208,216,339

Dear Moon project,186

Deep Space Gateway. See Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway

Deep Space Industries(DSI),209,213

Deimos,291

Delta rockets,109,113-114

delta-v(Δv),99-101,209

Desert RATS,227-228

deuterium,166-167,268

Devon Island,Canada,226-227,261

dolphin(US Navy pin),43-44

Dragonfly mission,307,325

Dragon spacecraft,109,125

Dyson,Freeman,103-104,242-244,280,333

dysprosium,162

Earth-Mars cycler,241-242,246

Earthrise,188

EDEN ISS,36

Einstein,Albert,99

Eisenhower,Dwight D.,107,149-150

electrolysis,40-41,180

electrostatic levitation,194

Elvis,Martin,209

EmDrive,340

Enceladus,33,314,320-321

escape velocity,164,212-213

Esperanza Base,32

Europa,33,39,314,316-317

European Space Agency(ESA):International Space Station,120;Mars activities,52,276;Moon activities,176-179;rocketry,113;Space Medicine Office,69;Titan missions,321,324

European Space Radiation Superconducting Shield(SR2S)project,92;exercise in space,69

exhaust velocity,100,104

ExoMars Orbiter/Schiaparelli EDL Demo Lander mission,276

Explorer 1 satellite,150

Extravehicular Mobility Units(EMU),251-252

eye health,70

Falcon Heavy rocket,112-113,115

Falcon rocket family,109-113

Federal Aviation Administration(FAA),136,138

Fine Motor Skills investigation,71

fission,nuclear,105-106,342

Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station(FMARS),226-227

Fluid Shifts investigation,71

free-fall,67,99

free-return trajectory,242

Fulton surface-to-air recovery system(STARS),139

Functional Task investigation,71

funding,motivations for,11-15

fusion,nuclear,105-106,165-168,334

gadolinium,162

gamma-ray bursts,25

gamma rays,18

Ganymede,317-318,320

generational starship,337

geostationary orbit,127,142-143

geosynchronous orbit,127

g-force,243-244

Giacomelli,Gene,195,197

Gibson,Edward,119

gold,202,204-205,268-269

Goldin,Dan,232

Goldwater,Barry,223

gravity:defined,67-68;effects on health,66-78,173

Griffin,Michael,108-109,123

Grissom,Gus,3

Groton,CT,submarine base,44,46

Guinan,Edward,262

Hall thruster,339

Haughton Mars Project(HMP),227-228

Hawai‘i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation(HI-SEAS),48-51,226,278

Hawking,Stephen,25-26

Hayabusa probes,207-208

health risks of space travel,64-66

heliocentric orbit,151

helium-3,161,165-168,181,268

Hermes(fictional spacecraft),236

Hess,Victor Franz,86

Hohmann transfer orbit,241

Hubble Space Telescope,127,231

Human Exploration Research Analog(HERA),45-47,226

Human Health and Performance Directorate,NASA,96

Human Outer Planets Exploration(HOPE),318

Huygens mission,321

hydrazine,104

hydroponics,36,195-198,260-261

hypercapnia,95

Hypersonic Airplane Space Tether Orbital Launch(HASTOL)system,140-142

hypoxia,95

Iapetus,319-320

IceCube Neutrino Observatory,33

Ice Home,253-255

IKAROS spacecraft,340

immunodeficiency,93,96

inflatable habitats,77,125-126,129,176-177,253,255

InSight probe,239

in situ resource utilization(ISRU),185,228-230

intergalactic highway,336

International Geophysical Year,149

International Space Station(ISS):cost of,10,290;microgravity research on,66-69,75;modules attached to,76-77;orbit of,26;origin of,120-121;tourism and,124-126,128

interstellar ark,337

Io,315-316

ionizing radiation,79-81

ion propulsion,207-208,338-339

iron,163,169-170,331

Italian Space Agency,265

Itokawa asteroid,207

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA),207-208,338,340

Japan National Space Development Agency,76

Johnson,Lyndon B.,5,153,223

Jupiter,305-306,314-319

Jupiter-3 rocket,150

Kaluga,Russia,98-99

Kármán line,134-135,146

Kelly,Mark,94

Kelly,Scott,94-95,235,238

Kennedy,John F.,5-6,153

Kerimov,Kerim,119

Kevlar,126,140,145,269,274

Khrushchev,Nikita,149

Krauss,Lawrence,246-247

KREEP,162,181

Kuiper belt,305,330-333

Kursk(Russian submarine),42

Lagrangian points,127

Laika,the dog,150

Lake Vostok,33,316

Landscape Evolution Observatory,60

lava tubes,184-185

Lebedev,Valentin Vitalyevich,45

Lee,Pascal,228

Lehrer,Tom,150n

Lewis and Clark expedition,205-206

L5 Society,159

Lightfoot,Robert,Jr.,122

Limoli,Charles,87

liquid oxygen(LOX),104

Logsdon,John,5-6

Long March rockets,113-114,155

lonsdaleite,205

Lopez-Alegria,Michael,124

Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator(LDSD),274

low-earth orbit(LEO),127

LUCA(“loud,unfriendly counterarguments”),112,171,277,330

Lunar Hilton,186-187

lunar hopper,192

Lunar Legacy Project,190

lunar-Mars greenhouse. See bioregenerative life support system

Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway(LOP-G),122-123

Lunar Palace 1,155,197

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter,185

Lunar Roving Vehicles,191

Luna spacecraft,151-152

Luxembourg,213-214

Maezawa,Yusaku,186

magnesium,163,165

magnetosphere,18,80,128

Malapert Mountain,180

Mare Tranquillitatis Hole,185,190

Mariner 9 spacecraft,250

Mars:asteroid use,203,209,211-212,215;atmosphere of,224,258,284,302;atmospheric pressure on,251,254-255,297-301;bodily changes on,293-296;comparison with Antarctica,224,285,289-290;comparison with Moon,173-175,224-225;crew selection for,275-278;distance from Earth,240,305-306;dust storms on,250,262;food security on,259-265;health risks on,234-239;homesteading on,291;human migration to,279-280;indoor air on,257-259;landing on,273-274;NASA plan for,220,247-249;possibility of life on,282-284;profitability,14,267-270;radiation danger on,84,238-239,250-251;shelter on,253-257,275;technology gaps and,271-273;temperature on,249;terraforming on,296-303;timekeeping on,285-287;tourism to,287-289;travel time to,240-244;water on,265

Mars 2 spacecraft,239,250

Mars 3 spacecraft,152,239,250

Mars500 project,52-54

Mars City Design,275

Mars Desert Research Station(MDRS),226-227

Mars Direct mission concept,223,232-234,241-242,246,248

Mars One,244-245,265-266

Mars Science Laboratory(MSL),239,274

Mars Society,226-228

mass driver,164-165,269

MAVEN spacecraft,84

McKay,Christopher,258-259,262,299,303

McMurdo Station,33,35

medium-earth orbit(MEO),127

Mercury,304,311-314

Mercury 13(film),153n

Merlin rocket engines,110

metallic hydrogen,105

meteorites,34

methane,225,229-233,314,321,323-324,328-329

mice,77,87-88,174,237-238

MICEHAB,237-238

microbiome,86-87,294-295

microgravity. See gravity

Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport(MARS),138

Mimas,319

mining. See Moon:mining on;Mars:profitability

Mir space station,45,120,152,239

moholes,302

Mojave Air and Space Port,136,138

momentum exchange tether,140

Moon:Apollo 11 landing,148,223;brickmaking on,177-178;comparison with Antarctica,31,160,181-184,200;comparison with Mars,174-175,224-225;day and night on,178-179;food security on,195-198;Kennedy legacy,6;landscape,187;lunar dust,183,193-195;mining on,161-172;oxygen extraction on,185-186;scientific activity on,172-173;shelter on,176-178,181-185;temperatures on,178-179;terraforming of,198-199;tourism to,186-192;transportation on,191-192;view of Earth from,187-188;water and ice abundance on,162,180-181

Moon Mineralogy Mapper,180

Moon Museum,190-191

moonquakes,176n

Moon Treaty,159,215

Mount Everest,27-28,41,220,300

MOXIE oxygen generator,229

Mueller,Tom,110

Multiple Artificial-gravity Research System(MARS),77

Mushrooms for Mars,260

Musk,Elon,106,109-113,245,281,297

nanosatellites,114

NASA:Breakthrough Propulsion Physics(BPP)Project,341;budget of,5,223;Extreme Environment Mission Operations(NEEMO),47-48;Human Research Program Roadmap,63-66;Johnson Space Center,45,124;Marshall Space Flight Center,107;90-Day Study,230-231;Office of Safety and Mission Assurance,42;Space Life Sciences Directorate,96;Space Radiation Laboratory,88

NASA/Navy Benchmarking Exchange,42

National Academy of Sciences(NAS),90

National Defense Education Act of 1958,151

National Institutes of Health(NIH),96

National Laboratory,76

National Space Biomedical Research Institute(NSBRI),71

National Space Council,231

Nautilus-Ⅹ,77-78

Naval Research Laboratory,107

Nazis,99,150

NEAR spacecraft,207

Neptune,305-306,327,329-331

NERVA program,342

New Horizons mission,305,307,331-333

NewSpace,13,115

New Swabia,30

Newton’s third law,131

Nextel fiber,126

nickel,203-204,211

nitrogen,258-261

nitrogen tetroxide,104

Nixon,Richard,5,9,223

noise(of rockets and spacecraft),136-138,146-147

nuclear fission,105-106,342

nuclear fusion,105-106,165-168,334,342-343

nuclear-powered spacecraft,103-104,342-343

nuclear war,21-22

Obama,Barack,158,223,247

Oberon,327-329

Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA),63,82

Oceanus Procellarum,185,190

Olympus Mons,220,288-289

O’Neill,Gerard,117,127

O’Neill cylinders. See orbital cities

Oort cloud,334-337

Operation Paperclip,107

Operation Tabarin,30

Opportunity rover,250,271

orbital cities,5,117-118,127,219,327

orbital factories,130

orbital ring,144-145

orbital velocity,98-100,133,140,144

Ordovician extinction,25

Orion spacecraft,242

orthostatic hypotension,237

OSIRIS-REx spacecraft,206

osteoporosis(bone loss),68-69

‘Oumuamua,23-24

Outer Space Treaty,31,159-160,209-210,213-215,280-282

ozone layer,79-81

Pacific Spaceport Complex-Alaska,138

Paine,Thomas,4

Pale Blue Dot(Sagan),26

Palma,Emilio,32-33

Parker,Eugene,86

payload cost,115

perchlorates,262-263

Pettit,Don,97n

Phillips,John,70

Phobos,242,269,291

phosphorus,162,203,263

PILOT oxygen extractor,185-186,228

pintle injector,110

Planetary Resources,Inc.,208-209,213

Planetary Society,340

platinum,202,204-205,210,268

platinum-group metals,204

Pluto:as destination,17,330-332;distance from Earth,305-306,307;gravity on,327;moons of,331-332

population,human:disasters and,21-22,344;growth of,20,346-347

potassium,162,263

Project Artemis,156-157

Project Orion,103-104,242-243

Project Timberwind,342

prophylactic surgery. See surgery in space

Proton-M rocket,113

Proxima Centauri,305

Psyche(16)asteroid,204

psychological health risks,44-45,50-51,54-55

pulse-detonation rocket engine,116

Quayle,Dan,231

radiation:cosmic,18,85-92,174-176,224,250-251,256;HZE particles,85,88;lethal dose,82-84;solar,18,78-85,174-176,224,250-251,256;units,defined,81

radiation-induced cognitive decline,88-89

radio-isotope thermoelectric generators(RTGs),342

ramjets,133

rare-earth elements,162,168-169

Reagan,Ronald,170,222

Rendezvous with Rama(Clarke),23

RESOLVE oxygen extractor,228

Return to the Moon(Schmitt),167

“Return to the Moon”(symposium),123

Rhea,320

Robinson,Kim Stanley,296,302

rocket equation,97-100,104

Rocket Lab,114-115

Rocket Propellant-1(RP-1),104

Roosevelt,Franklin D.,345

Roscosmos,120

runway,high-altititude,146

Russia. See Soviet accomplishments in space;space race

Ryugu,207-208,210-211

SABRE engine,133

Sadler,Phil,35-36,60-61

Sagan,Carl,26,311

Salyut space stations,45,118-119,152

Saturn,305-306,319-327

Saturn Ⅴ rocket,8,112,119,246

Schmitt,Harrison “Jack,” 123,148,156,166-167,174,176,189,194

Schneider,Etienne,214

Schneider,William,126

scramjets,133

SELENE lunar mission,185

sex in space,131-132

Shackleton Crater,161,179-180

Shackleton Energy Company,160-161

Shah,Ramille,273

Shepard,Alan,4

silicon,163,170

silver,204

Silvera,Isaac,105

skinsuit,69

sky crane,239

skyhooks,139-142,269

Skylab,77,119-120,238

Skylon spaceplane,133-134

Société Européenne des Satellites,214

sodium,163

solar electric propulsion,212

solar energetic particles(SEPs),80

solar energy,5,145,168,170,179,313

solar flares,80-81 solar panels. See solar energy

solar sails,336,340-341

Solar System,scale of,305-306

solar wind,78-79,81,166,175

South Pole(Earth),27,29,33-35

Soviet accomplishments in space,151-152

Soyuz rockets,113-114,124,152

space activity suit(SAS),252-253

SPACE Act of 2015,214

Space Adaptation Syndrome(SAS),235-236

Space Chronicles(Tyson),102-103

space elevators,142-144,269

Space Exploration Initiative(SEI),230-232

Space Force,223,281,328

space hotels,128-130

space junk,144,158

Space Launch System(SLS),157-158

spaceplanes,132-139

Spaceport America,136-137

spaceports,136-138

space race:with China,13,123,154-156;with the Soviet Union,6-8,119,150-152

SpaceShipOne,134

SpaceShipTwo,135

space shuttle,4,9-10,107-109,120,134

Space Shuttle Challenger,231

Space Station Freedom,10,230-231

Space Station Ⅴ(fictional),129

space tourism,72,124-125,130,186-192,287-288

SpaceⅩ,106-116,123,125,186,245-246

specific impulse,104

Sphinx-99,52

Sputnik Crisis,148-151,153

Starship(SpaceⅩ spacecraft),110,112,246

“station-keeping,” 146

Stone,Bill,161

Strategic Defense Initiative,342

Stuster,Jack,54

submarines,nuclear,38-44

SUBSAFE,42

Super Heavy(SpaceⅩ rocket),110,112

surgery in space,92-94

Sylvia asteroid,202

telomeres,95

terbium,162

terrestrial chauvinism,319,327

Tesla Roadster,112-113

Tethys,319

Tharsis Montes,288

“third-quarter phenomenon,” 51

tholins,216,331-332

Thornton,Stan,120

3-D printing,130,176,218,273

Tiangong space stations,121-122

Titan:environment of,314,320-325;possibility of life on,325-327;probe landing on,14,321;proposed missions to,324-325

Titania,327-329

titanium,163,167,169,204

Tito,Dennis,124

Toon,Owen Brian,21-22

Tranquility Base,190

TransHub,126

trans-Neptunian objects,332-333

Transoceanic Abort Landing sites,100n

Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space.... See Outer Space Treaty

trinitramide,104

tritium,166-167

Triton,327,329-330

Tsiolkovsky,Konstantin,98-99,142

Tsiolkovsky rocket equation. See rocket equation

Twins Study,94-95

2suit,131

Tyson,Neil deGrasse,12,102-103,210,284

ultraviolet(UV)radiation,78-80

United Launch Alliance(ULA),109,111,114,161

University of Arizona,35,60,195

uranium,163,165,169-170

Uranus,298,305-306,327-329

US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA),133

US Department of Defense(DOD),111,134,281

US Government Accountability Office(GAO),111,157

US Interstate Highway System,12,141

Valles Marineris,220-221,288-289

Van Allen radiation belt,151-152

Vanguard 1,149-150

VaPER bed-rest study,48

VASIMR engine,339-340

Venera spacecraft,151-152,308

Venus,304,308-311

Vermeulen,Angelo,50

Verseux,Cyprien,51

Vesta,202-203,208,216,218,339

Viking Landers,239,258

Viking Orbiter,221

Villa Las Estrellas,32

Virgin Galactic,114,135-138

viruses,93

vision loss,70

Vonnegut,Kurt,26

Vostok research station,34,179

Voyager 1,306,335,342

V-2 rocket,99

Walford,Roy,57-58

warp drive,341

Webb,James,6

weightlessness. See gravity

Weir,Andy,236

White,Ed,3

X3 propulsion engine,339

X-15 aircraft,134

X-33 aircraft,116

X-37 aircraft,116,134,137

X-43 aircraft,131

X-class flare,84

xenon,339

XPRIZE,154

X-rays,78-83

Yuegong-1(Lunar Palace 1),155,197

Yutu rover,154

zero gravity,67-68

zero-one-infinity rule,282

Zubrin,Robert:and artificial gravity,78,236;on ingenuity and Mars settlement,269-270;and Mars Direct plan,223,232-234,241-242,248-249;and Mars Society,226-227;on skills needed for Mars,266

Zylon,140,269

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