(页码参见本书边码)
Aberdeen 阿伯丁,353
abortion 流产,208,327,454n
absenteeism 旷工,21
accidents,nuclear 事故,核,36–37,62–74,78,112,478n
beyond design-basis 超设计基准,63,194
casualties 死亡人数,89,94,99,101,117,118,122,127,136,179,208–9,220,229,232,235–38,265,268,299–300,312,315,326,334,338
Chernobyl,see Chernobyl Atomic Energy
Station 切尔诺贝利,参见切尔诺贝利原子能电站
design-basis 设计基准,75,84,85
Fukushima 福岛,356–57
Leningrad 列宁格勒,66–67
maximum design-basis 最大设计基准,62,92,114,149,263
Mayak 马亚克,44–45,129,173,220–21,224,225
secrecy and cover-ups 保密和掩盖,41–45,67–74,107,110,118,131,157–59,172–79,200–204,209,215–19,222,250–52,259,263–77,306–8,311–13,317,322,327–30,346–49,452n
Three Mile Island 三里岛,73–74,191,194,271,331,357
Windscale 温德斯凯尔,41,128,399n
Account No. 904 第904号账户,304–5
acute radiation syndrome (ARS)急性辐射综合症(ARS),28–31,109–10,136,151,224–38,253,286,299–301,322,472n,481n
symptoms and progression 症状及病情进展,224–38
Aeroflot 苏联民航总局,119
Afghanistan 阿富汗,19,140,163,258
Soviet war in 苏联阿富汗战争,19,240,246,294,298,327,329,330
agriculture 农业,14,15,39,45,126,161,165,248,251,254–57,261,310,329–30,354–56
Akhromeyev,Sergei,阿赫罗梅耶夫,谢尔盖 113,185,203
Akimov,Alexander,阿基莫夫,亚历山大55,57,79–81,84–89,93,108–10,135,151,223,225,230,232,235–36,268,308,318,347,455n
death of 之死,236,268,308
rehabilitated reputation of 恢复名誉,349
Alaska 阿拉斯加,201
Alcohol 酒精,59,96,138,147,196,208,209,227,246,261,294,298,301–2,304,334,420n,454n
Aleksandrov,Anatoly 亚历山德罗夫,阿纳托利,42–43,61–62,64,73,74,112,120–21,154,160,184,185,201,203,267,268,270–73,280,323,325–26,367
Aliyev,Heydar 阿利耶夫,海达尔,172,173,177
All-Union Radiation Medicine Research Center 全苏放射医学研究中心,333
alpha particles α粒子,27,56,164,192,224,257
Ammonia 氨,195
Ananenko,Alexey,阿纳年科,亚历克谢211
Angren hydroelectric project 安格连水电项目,10
animals 动物,248,254,258,354–56,402n
abandoned pets 遭遗弃的宠物,254
birth efects 出生缺陷,329–30,355–56
Experimental 实验动物,354
Annushka reactor 安努什卡反应堆,32,34
antinuclear movement 反核运动,73
Antoshkin,Nikolai,安托什金,尼古拉152–53,155,160–62,179–82,187,188,190,195,204,206,281,307,334,340,367,433n,434n,439n,443n
apparatchiks 在册干部,14,19,97,174,272,276
Arctic 北极,42
Area K K区,278
Area M M区,278–79,288,289,290
Area N N区,278
Argon 氩,225
Argonne National Laboratory 阿贡国家实验室,358,398n
Armenia 亚美尼亚,70
armored vehicles 装甲车,140,241,243,248,279,428n
atomic bomb 原子弹,26,29–30,31,37,43,51,360 参见核武器
Atomic Energy for Military Purposes 《军事用途的原子能》,32
atoms原子,25–28
atomshchiki 原子人,21–22,51,67,69,71,92
Atomy Mirny-1 和平原子1号,33–35,37,38,40,60
Austria 奥地利,331
Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆,172,253
AZ-5 system AZ-5系统,65–66,71–73,83–90,93,230,264,268,414n
Flaws 缺陷,71–73
generator rundown 发电机降负荷,83–90
Bagdasarov,Yuri 巴格达萨罗夫,尤里,420n
Baikonur Cosmodrome 拜科努尔航天发射场,50–51
Balakovo nuclear power plant 巴拉科沃核电厂,71,452n
Baltic Sea 波罗的海,169,171
Barabanova,Dr. Anzhelika 巴拉巴诺娃,安热莉卡医生,234,351,455n,456n
Baranov,Dr. Alexander 巴拉诺夫,亚历山大医生,232–33,235
Baranov,Anatoly 巴拉诺夫,阿纳托利,100–101
barda “巴达”,256
Bathyscaphe 深海潜水器,293,296,470n
Battle of Chernobyl 切尔诺贝利之战,200–216,341
BBC 英国广播公司,208,314,343
Belarus 白俄罗斯,8,130,152,184,186,202,204,248,251,258,277,305,329,330,331,353,354,359
Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station 别洛亚尔斯克核电站,398n
Berdov,Gennadi 贝尔多维奇,根纳季 127
Beria,Lavrenty 贝利亚,拉夫连季,32–34
Berlin Wall,fall of 柏林墙,倒塌,331
Beryllium 铍,37
Bespalov,Valery 别斯帕洛夫,瓦列里,211
beta particles β粒子,27,56,109,164,224,225,234,235,237,257,300,301
beyond design-basis accident 超设计基准事故,63,194
biological dosimetry 生物剂量测定法,226,232
bio-robot campaign,288–91,321
birds 鸟,248
birth defects 出生缺陷,329–30,355–56
Bitumen 沥青,20,255,287,288,289
Black Sea 黑海,191
Blix,Hans 布利克斯,汉斯,201,210,214–15,239,345,365,366,367
blotters 吸墨纸,287
Bocharov,Lev 博恰罗夫,列夫,291–94,296,298,368
Bogdan,V. A. 波格丹,V.A.,418n
Bolshov,Leonid 博利绍夫,列昂尼德,409n
bone marrow transplants 骨髓移植,225,229–36,238,299,300,301
Bonn 波恩,176,178
boric acid powder 硼酸粉,128
Boron 硼,36,60,160,166
boron carbide 碳化硼,72
Borovoi,Alexander 博罗沃伊,亚历山大,285–86,343–44,368
Boyarchuk,Maria 博亚尔丘克,玛丽亚,132
Brezhnev,Leonid 勃列日涅夫,列昂尼德,14,52,112,261
Brize,Raimond 布里兹,雷蒙德,314–15,319–20
Brukhanov,Lilia,布留哈诺夫,利利娅10,11,18,46
Brukhanov,Oleg,布留哈诺夫,奥列格10,266
Brukhanov,Valentina,布留哈诺夫,瓦莲京娜 10–11,17,18,21,46,96,97,150,165,218,266,303,308,319,320,344,361–63,484n
Brukhanov,Viktor 布留哈诺夫,维克托,7–24,46–47,55,67,70,73,75,84,90,138,139,165,174,265,336,337,365,393n,405n,412n,418n,422n,423n,424n,484n
arrest and imprisonment of 逮捕和监禁,275,308,320
awards and promotions 奖励和提升,22–23
banished to Kiev 驱逐出基辅,273–75,308
construction and startup of Chernobyl 切尔诺贝利的建造与启动,7–24
fired and blamed for accident 因事故被解雇并遭谴责,266,269,270–75
life after prison 出狱后的生活,344–45,361–63
management style 管理风格,21,75,98
role in Chernobyl accident 在切尔诺贝利事故中扮演的角色,96–98,105–10,115–18,122–24,143,150,205–7,265–66,314–20,328,362–63
trial of 审判,308–9,319–20,362
written situation report 书面局势报告,118,122–23
bulldozers 推土机,242–43,255,279
Burnasyan Medical Center 布尔纳江医学中心,351
Cadmium 镉,36
Calcium 钙,257
Calder Hall nuclear power station 考尔德豪尔核电站,40–41
Canada 加拿大,200
Canadian Globe and Mail 《加拿大环球邮报》,274
Cancer 癌症,27,28,30,78,232,312,326,334,351–52,359–60
carbon emissions 碳排放,357,358
Carter,Jimmy 卡特,吉米,73
Cascade Wall 隔离墙,283–84,291
Caspian Sea 里海,9
Casualties 伤亡,89,94,99,101,111,117,118,122,127,136,178,179,208–9,220,229,232,235–38,265,268,299–300,312,315,326,334,338
Caucasus 高加索,253,320
Central Committee 中央委员会,114,115,122,154,172,176,179,274,275,323,328,465n
Cesium 铯,226,234,257,320,330,354
Cesium134 铯134,248,267,320
Cesium137 铯137,88,169,171,248,267,320,329
charity rock concert 慈善摇滚演唱会,304–5
Chebrikov,Viktor,切布里科夫,维克托172,176,179
Chelyabinsk-40 车里雅宾斯克-40,44–45,220,255
chemical warfare troops 化学部队,241,243,246–49,255–60
Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station 切尔诺贝利原子能电站,1–3,9,13,46
aftermath of explosion 爆炸后果,91–110
airlift of injured patients 空运伤员,148,150–53,158,205,219–20
April 25,5:00 p.m.4月25日下午5时,46–59
April 25,11:55 p.m. 4月25日晚11时55分,75–90
April 26,1:28 a.m. 4月26日凌晨1时28分,91–110
April 26,1:30 a.m. 4月26日凌晨1时30分,111–31
April 26,6:15 a.m. 4月26日晨6时15分,132–51
April 27 4月27日,152–66
architectural layout 建筑设计平面,56–57
back online 重新并网发电,290–91,306,321
bio-robot campaign 生物机器人运动,288–91,321
birth of 诞生,7–24
Casualties 伤亡,89,94,99,101,117,118,122,127,136,179,208–9,220,229,232,235–38,265,299–300,312,315,326,334,338
causes of accident 事故原因,153,230,241,261–77,321,346–49,465n
cleanup efforts 清理工作,241–60,288–91,310,332–33
Complex Expedition 综合体探查行动,340–44,364
construction and startup of 建造和启动,7–24,53–57,64,67–74,392n,393n
containment efforts 围阻工作,128–29,153–56,160–64,166,174,176,179–82,187–99,202–16,241–48,278–98
damage reports 损失报告,93–99,118,122–25,155–56,189
design and construction defects 设计与建造缺陷,12–13,19–22,62–74,268–77,286,308,315–18,321–22,346–49,408n
economic efects of accident 事故的经济影响,327–31
emergency response team 应急反应团队,113–16,118–19,121–22,124–25,147
explosion of Reactor Number 4 四号反应堆爆炸,87–90
financial cost of accident 事故的经济代价,330–31,481n
fire 火灾,91–110,116,118,123,128,130,143,150,153–56,160–64,174,178,181,189,193–95,202,206,214
generator rundown 发电机降负荷,83–90
global contamination from 导致全球污染,169–86,248,260,269,277,327–30,353–54
government response to accident 政府对事故的反应,111–31,138–39,152–66,172–86,192–204,208–9,218–19,239–41,249–54,261–77,306–13,322–31,362
health effects of radiation 辐射的健康影响,26,28–31,78,89,100–110,117–18,130,135–36,143,147–51,164,180,185,192–93,207,220–38,242,243,247–48,251,253,266–67,290,299–301,312,322,326,333–35,355–60,454n,481n,486n
heat exchanger project 热交换器项目,216,245–46
helicopter bombing operation 直升机轰炸行动,160–64,166,179–82,187–99,202,204,281,285,341,433n,443n,446n
hospitalization of injured 伤员入院治疗,121,135–36,146–53,157,176,179,184–85,202,219–38,251,262,299–301,315,427n,430n
IAEA reports 国际原子能机构报告,266–67,275–77,312,346,348–49,410n
IAEA visit 国际原子能机构视察,214–15,239
international response to accident 事故的国际反应,177–79,200–201,210,212,214–15,228–30,232–34,239,266–69,273,307,327–32,357
investigation of accident 事故调查,261–77
labor problems 劳动力问题,20–22
liquidation campaign 清理运动,239–60,296,310,332–33,359,471n,475n
long-term efects on environment 长期环境影响,329–31,354–56
Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station (Cont.)切尔诺贝利原子能电站(接上)
media response to accident 媒体对事故的反应,148–50,156–57,174–79,208–9,215,239–41,250,266,274,291,294,299,307,311–14,324,327–30,355
military response to accident 军方对事故的反应,113–14,129,140–46,152–56,158–64,166,173,174,179–82,185,187–99,202,204–8,239–60,273,278–98,330,468n
New Safe Confinement 新安全壳,364–66 1982
accident 1982年事故,69–70,112
nuclear safety board of inquiry report on 核安全委员会的调查报告,346–48
operator error explanation 操作人员失误解释,267–75,308–9,314–20,345,346–49,411n,412n,414n
positive void efect 正空泡效应,85–90,268,318,348
power fall 功率下降,81–83
quality control 质量控制,20,53–57
radiation cloud 辐射云,169–86
radiation levels after explosion 爆炸后的辐射水平,105–9,116–18,123–31,136,140–46,153–56,160–64,176,180–84,189–99,207–8,211–15,226,241–60,278–98,300,316,319,352–53,423n,481n
radiation survey flights 辐射调查飞行,140–46,155–56,160–64,189,248
Reactor Number 4 maintenance shut-down四号反应堆维护停堆,75–90
refugee conditions 难民境遇,217–20,301–16,320–21
Sarcophagus 石棺,250,273,278–98,338–44
search for scapegoats 寻找替罪羊,264–77
secrecy and cover-up of accident 事故的保密和掩盖,107,110,118,131,157–59,172–79,200–204,209,215–16,218–19,222,250–52,259,263–77,306–8,311–13,317,322,327–30,346–49,452n
surviving witnesses of 幸存的目击者,360–66
technical refit 技术改装,321–22
tourism 旅游业,356,359
trial 审判,308–9,314–20,345,362,474n,475n,477n
in 2011 在2011年,352–56
in 2016 在2016年,336–38,359,363–65
underground nitrogen operation 地下充氮行动,195,203,205–6,212–13
water-pumping operation 泵出积水行动,196–99,204–8,210–14
Chernobyl Forum 切尔诺贝利论坛,359
Chernobylite 切尔诺贝利石,344
Chernobyl town 切尔诺贝利镇,8,148,174,181,186,258,288,302,314
Chernobyl Two 切尔诺贝利二期项目,20–21,138
children 儿童,123,202,205,217,302
evacuated from Kiev 从基辅疏散,252–53
radiation threat to 对……的辐射威胁,139,142,148,157,159,178,202,209,210,251–53,306,312,326,356
refugee conditions 难民境遇,305–6
schools 学校,139,306
China 中国,137,357,358
China Syndrome,fears of 中国综合症,对……的恐惧,191–95,212–13,216,244,246,265,334,341–43
China Syndrome,《中国综合症》,电影,191,193
Chistogalovka 克里斯托加罗夫斯卡,70,145
chronic radiation sickness (CRS)慢性辐射病(CRS),221
CIA 美国中央情报局,45,200
cigarette smoking 吸烟,75,409n,410n
civil defense forces 民防部队,113–14,129,130,140–46,155,158–64,181,187–88,195–99,202,204,240,241,278–98,424n,429n
cleanup efforts 清理工作,241–60,278–98,310,332–33
radiation survey flights 辐射调查飞行,140–46,155–56,160–64,189,248
Sarcophagus project 石棺项目,278–98,338–44
climate change 气候变化,356,357–58
cloud seeding 播云,184,442n
CNN 有线电视新闻网,239
Coal 煤,245,357,458n
cobalt 60 钴60,171
Cold War 冷战,19,33,43,45,330
collective farms 集体农场,14,126,161,165,248,256–57,305,329–30,354–56
Combine 816 816联合体,40
Communist Party 共产党,8,12–16,34,38,47–48,52,112,115,119–20,222,249,274,316,333,345,388n,465n
collapse of 倒台,331,333,343,345,348,354,364,441n
corruption 腐败,13–15,19–22,67–74,311–13,327–28,347–48,365
hero narrative for Chernobyl 切尔诺贝利的英雄叙事,306–8,323
Membership 党员,14–15
of 1970s 1970年代的,12–16
Propaganda 宣传攻势,240,306–8,311–12
Radio 电台,148–49
response to Chernobyl accident 对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,111–31,138–39,152–66,172–86,192–204,208–9,218–19,239–41,249–54,261–77,306–13,322–31,362
secrecy and cover-up of Chernobyl accident切尔诺贝利事故的保密和掩盖,107,110,118,131,157–59,172–79,200–204,209,215–19,222,250–52,259,263–77,306–8,311–13,317,322,327–30,346–49,452n 27th
Congress 第二十七次代表大会,18–19 Complex Expedition 综合体探查行动,340–44,364
Computers 计算机,17,42,63,81,83,108,194,213,264,321
Concrete 混凝土,10,12,20,44,48,62,124,154,203,213,216,244,468n
defects 缺陷,20
explosion 爆炸,88,89,94,95,101
Sarcophagus 石棺,282–83
containment building 安全壳建筑,62
containment efforts 围阻工作,128–29,153–56,160–64,166,174,176,179–82,187–99,202–16,241–48,278–89
control rods 控制棒,35–38,54,60–61,65–66,69,71–73,79,82–83,125,264,286,287,321,348,405n,406n,408n
explosion 爆炸,87–90,92–93,98–99 faulty 缺陷,72,268,347,348
maintenance shutdown 维护停堆,79–90 “tip”effect “末端”效应,71–73,348,408n
Control Room Number Four 四号控制室,57,75–90,107–10,134,136,347
aftermath of explosion 爆炸后果,91–110 April 25,11:55 p.m. 4月25日晚11点55分,75–90
April 26,1:28 a.m. 4月26日凌晨1点28分,91–110
Explosion 爆炸,87–90
generator rundown 发电机降负荷,83–90
maintenance shutdown 维护停堆,75–90
operator error and 操作人员失误与,267–75,308–9,314–20,345,346–49,411n,412n,414n
staf and panels 员工与控制板,78–80
Control Room Number Three 三号控制室,93
Control Room Number Two 二号控制室,134,337
Coolant 冷却剂,35–38,53,60,62,64,68,83,85,87,91–95,98,108,110
emergency cooling system 紧急冷却系统,62,93–95,116,124,125,128
Leaks 泄露,65–67,92–95,98
core meltdown 堆芯熔毁,92,105,117
Chernobyl risk of 切尔诺贝利堆芯熔毁的风险,191–95,202–16,244–46
Corium 放射性岩浆,213,215–16,244,342,483n
corridor 217/2 217/2走廊,285,339
Council of Ministers 部长会议,119,159,175,177,193,246,346–47
Council on Ecology 生态理事会,325
Crimea 克里米亚,202,266,269,329,332,364
Cuba 古巴,176,201
Curie,Marie 居里,玛丽,29
Curie,Pierre 居里,皮埃尔,29
Czechoslovakia 捷克斯洛伐克,178,331,354
Daghlian,Harry K.,Jr. 达格利恩,小亨利·K,30–31,396n
Danilenko,Valery 丹尼连科,瓦列里,261–62
Daniloff,Nicholas 丹尼诺夫,尼古拉斯,177,179
Davletbayev,Razim 德维叶特别耶夫,拉齐姆,99–100
Day of the Power Engineer 电力工程师日,64
deaerator corridor 脱气走廊,56–57,403n
Degtyarenko,Viktor 杰格佳连科·维克托,93–94
Demag cranes 德马格起重机,287,292,293,296
Denmark 丹麦,169,174,178,331
design-basis accident 设计基准事故,75,84,85
Deuterium 氘,26
Dnieper River 第聂伯河,8,182,191,192,202,208,244,274,306,320
Dobrynin,Anatoly 多勃雷宁,阿纳托利,176,307
Dolgikh,Vladimir 多尔吉赫,弗拉基米尔,154,172,176,438n,464n
Dollezhal,Nikolai 多列扎利,尼古拉,32,64,65,72,267,269,273,396n
Dolomite 白云石,160,190,191
Donetsk 顿涅茨克,320,344
dosimeters 剂量计,105–7,141,145,196–97,211,242,244,248,284,285,289,343,444n
DP-3 radiometer DP-3辐射计,141,145
DP-5 radiometer DP-5辐射计,105–7,196–97,211
Dyatlov,Anatoly 佳特洛夫·阿纳托利,75–78,80–89,410n,411n,412n,413n,414n,416n
arrest of 逮捕,300
death of 之死,349
in prison 入狱,345–46
radiation burns 辐射烧伤,223,300,346,411n
rehabilitated reputation of 恢复名誉,349
role in Chernobyl accident 在切尔诺贝利事故中扮演的角色,80–89,92–93,98,107–9,135,151,223,230,300,316–30,345–49
trial of 审判,309,316,317–20,477n
Earthquakes 地震,62
East Germany 东德,174,331
Economy 经济,12–16,21,34,39,118,177,181,249,327–31
collapse of Soviet Union and 苏联解体,331,333,343,354,364
efects of Chernobyl disaster 切尔诺贝利灾难的影响,327–31,354
Era of Stagnation 停滞时期,12–22,42,323
Gosplan 国家计划委员会,15,39–40
of 1970s 1970年代的,12–16
Perestroika 重建,19,327
Pripyat 普里皮亚季,17–18,21–22,137
Edison,Thomas 爱迪生,托马斯,28
Einstein,Albert 爱因斯坦,阿尔伯特,25,26
Eisenhower,Dwight D. 艾森豪威尔,德怀特·D,33
Atoms for Peace speech “原子能促和平”演讲,33
EI-2 伊万2号,40,60
electrification 电气化,10,12,32–33,34,37,38–40,42,61,63,65–66,76,111–12,131,249,273,290,306,321,337,357–58,389n12
Elena 叶连娜,61–63,87,99,124–25
Elephant’s Foot 大象脚,339–40,342,343
Elizabeth II,Queen of England 伊丽莎白二世,英格兰女王,40–41
emergency bunker 紧急掩体,97–98
emergency cooling system 紧急冷却系统,62,97–98,116,124,125,128,342
emergency protection system 紧急保护系统,62,65–66,71–73,97,264,268,342,406n,414n
emergency response system 应急反应系统,113–19,121–22,124–25,147
energetiki 电力人,22,64
Engels,Friedrich 恩格斯,弗里德里希,183
Epilogue 尾声,367–72
Era of Stagnation 停滞时期,12–33,42,323
Esaulov,Alexander 叶绍洛夫,亚历山大,132–33,139,147–48,368,426n,430n
Estonia 爱沙尼亚,51,294,329
European Bank of Reconstruction and Development 欧洲复兴开发银行,365
Evacuation 疏散,117,123,126,127,129–31,149,153,155–66,185–86,194,202,208,252,257–60,301–13,315,328,330,431n,432n,433n,449n,486n
of children from Kiev 基辅儿童的疏散,252–53
500–kilometer zone 500公里区,203–4
Frenzy 恐慌,205,208–10,217–20,252–53
Mandatory 强制,129,155–66
refugee conditions 难民境遇,217–20,301–16,320–21
ten-kilometer zone 10公里区,186,241
thirty-kilometer zone 30公里区,186,194,202,208,215,241,249,251–59,301–13,314,328,332–33,352–56,359,364
transport enterprises 运输公司,162–66
Exclusion Zone 隔离区,215,241,247,251–59,301–13,314,328,332–33,352–56,359,364,475n
expansion of 扩大,353
experimental animals 实验动物,354–56
Tourism 旅游,356,359
in 2011 在2011年,352–56
Fairy Tale Pioneer camp 童话少先队营地,265,274
fallout,radioactive 坠尘,放射性,130,181,247–48,251,255–57,277,282,315,326,329
Fat Man “胖子”原子弹,31
Fedulenko,Konstantin 费多伦科,康斯坦丁,189
Fifty-First Guards Helicopter Regiment 第51护卫直升机团,160,166
Finland 芬兰,169,174,242,353
Fire 火,57–59,91–110,261–62,287,419n,431n
Aftermath of Reactor Number 4 explosion 四号反应堆爆炸的后果,91–1 10,116,118,123,128,130,143,150,153–56,160–64,174,178,181,189,193–95,202,206,214
brigades 消防队,57–59,91–110,153–54,204,223–26,236,240,262,300,306–8
First Main Directorate 第一总局,32,34
Fish 鱼,54,402n
fission,nuclear 裂变,核,26,32,35–38,53,60,79,117,193,226
Five-Year Plan 五年计划,22
fluoroscope 荧光镜,28
Fomin,Nikolai 福明,尼古拉,22,23,84,117,125,205,207,265,272,274,309,316–18,410n
life after prison 出狱后的生活,345
trial of 审判,309,314,315,316–20 Fonda,Jane 方达,简,191
food 食物,13,227
Radioactive 放射性,27,178,248,251,256–57,310,321,329–30,353–54,399n,480n
Shortages 短缺,13,15–16,17
Forsmark nuclear power station 福斯马克核电站,170–72
427th Red Banner Mechanized Regiment 第427红旗机械化团,195–99
France 法国,178,200,353,400n
free trade 自由贸易,201
FSB 俄罗斯联邦安全局,27,395n
Fukushima accident 福岛事故,356–57
Gabon 加蓬,35
“Gadget,”“小玩意”396n
Gadhafi,Muammar 卡扎菲,穆阿迈尔,201
Gagarin,Yuri 加加林,尤里,51,324
Gale,Dr. Robert 盖尔医生,罗伯特,228–30,232–34,235,239,299,312,359–60,368
gamma rays γ射线,1,27,28,30–31,42,102,104–7,109,125,154,171,180,182,207,214,224,225,227,232–37,242,282–89,339,399n
Garanikhin,Vyacheslav 加拉尼克辛,维亚切斯拉夫,246
Gaschak,Sergei 加夏克,谢尔盖,354,355,356
Gates,Bill 盖茨,比尔,358
Gävle 耶夫勒,170–72
General Radiation Accident 全面辐射事故,97,114
genetic effects of radiation exposure 辐射暴露的遗传效应,329–30,355–56,486n
Genrikh,Oleg 亨里希,奥列格,108
geothermal power 地热能,358
German Atom Forum 德国原子论坛,212
germanium detector 锗探测器,171
Germany 德国,25,174,176,178,200,209,212,266,283,335,357
fall of Berlin Wall 柏林墙倒塌,331
Nazi 纳粹,236,279,397n,486n
Glasnost “公开性”,240,312,327,328 GLEEP 低功率石墨实验性原子反应堆,398n
global warming 全球变暖,356,357–58
Glukhov,Andrei 格卢霍夫,安德烈,133–35
Gorbachev,Mikhail 戈尔巴乔夫,米哈伊尔,18–19,59,121,123,183,184,193,288,348,368–69,436n,445n,449n
Reforms 改革,19,112,118,173,201,271,312,322–25,327–31
resignation of 辞职,333
response to Chernobyl accident 对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,131,172–77,185–86,194,199,200–204,210,230,239–41,250,267,268,270–73,281,322–24,327,329
Gorbachev,Raisa 戈尔巴乔夫,赖莎,329 Gorky 高尔基,270
Gorky collective farm 高尔基集体农场,305
Gosplan 国家计划委员会,15,39–40,273
Graphite 石墨,35–38,41,53,60–62,70,72,77,86,88,279,341
Fire 火,88–90,95,101,102,104,110,125,127,144,153,156,160,169,174,178,181,189,192–95,214,215,249,287,431n
graphite-water reactors 石墨-水反应堆,35–38,40,42,53,60–62,64,405n
Great Britain 大不列颠,37,40–41,176,200,307,354,400n
GLEEP 低功率石墨实验性原子反应堆,398n
nuclear policy 核政策,37,40–41,398n
Windscale accident 温德斯凯尔事故,41,128,399n
Great Patriotic War 苏联卫国战争,34,294,319,333,364,397n,486n
Gromyko,Andrei 葛罗米柯,安德烈,174,307
Group of Efective Control 有效控制组,22
Gubarev,Vladimir 古巴廖夫,弗拉基米尔,319,324
Sarcophagus:A Tragedy 《石棺:一出悲剧》,319,324
Gulag 古拉格,137,220,221,291
Gulf of Finland 芬兰湾,63,66
Guskova,Dr. Angelina 古斯科娃医生,安格林娜,220–22,225–27,230–37,275,299–300,351,369,427n,472n
Radiation Sickness in Man 《人类辐射病》,222
Hammer,Armand 哈默,阿曼德,229–30,235,454n
Hanford reactors 汉福德反应堆,31,32,396n
Havana 哈瓦那,176
heat exchanger project 热交换器项目,216,245–46
helicopter bombing operation 直升机空投行动,160–64,166,179–82,187–99,202,204,281,285,341,433n,443n,446n
Helium 氦,37
Helsinki 赫尔辛基,169
Heroes of Socialist Labor 社会主义劳动英雄,307
hero narrative 英雄叙事,306–8,323
Hinton,Joan 欣顿,琼,396n
Hiroshima 广岛,26,29–30,360,394n,395n,419n
Holland 荷兰,178
hospitalization of Chernobyl victims 切尔诺贝利受害者的入院治疗,121,135–36,146–53,157,176,179,184–85,202,219–38,251,262,299–301,315,333,427n,430n
Hospital Number Six 第六医院,121,219–38,240,265,266,287,300–307,322,334,335,349,351,352,359,452n,453n,455n
Hotel Polesia 波列西耶旅馆,124,161,187
hydroelectric stations 水力发电站,39,357
Hydrogen 氢,26,88,100,154
hydrogen bomb 氢弹,33,41
Ignalina nuclear power plant 伊格纳利纳核电厂,71,331
Ignatenko,Ludmilla 伊格纳坚科,卢德米拉,230–31,233,237–38
Ignatenko,Vasily 伊格纳坚科,瓦西里,101,231–38
Ilyin,Leonid 伊雷因,列昂尼德,210,251,252,461n
IMR-2 vehicles IMR-2战斗工程车,242,279
India 印度,201
Institute of Biophysics 生物物理研究所,121,135,147,221,326
Hospital Number Six 第六医院,121,219–38,240,265,266,287,300–301,304–5,307,322,334,335,349,351,352,359,452n,453n,455n
integral fast reactor 集成式快中子反应堆,358
International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)国际原子能机构(IAEA),44,174,201,210,214,273,326,345,346,359,365
reports on Chernobyl accident 关于切尔诺贝利事故的报告,266–67,275–77,312,346,348–49,410n
visit to Chernobyl 访问切尔诺贝利,214–15,239
International Commission on Radiological Protection 国际放射防护委员会,359
International Congress on Human Rights(1991)国际人权大会(1991),347
investigation of Chernobyl accident 切尔诺贝利事故调查,261–77
criminal inquiry 刑事调查,263–77
design defects 设计缺陷,268–77
operator error 操作人员失误,267–68,270–75
Punishments 惩罚,272–73
Reports 报告,266–77
scientific inquiry 科学调查,263–77
search for scapegoats 寻找替罪羊,264–77
Iodine 碘 131,28,41,70,88,148,169,182,267,359
iodine pills 碘片,148,149,178,188,209
ionizing radiation 致电离辐射,11,27–31,102,257
Isotopes 同位素,26,189
Ispolkom 执行委员会,17,18,23,124,126,132,133,137,138,164,165,217,258,259,304,310
Ivankov 伊万科夫,165,206
Ivan-1 伊万1号,40
Ivanov,Boris 伊万诺夫,鲍里斯,113–14,124,127,148,150–51,155,430n
Ivan the Second 伊万二号,40,60
Izrael,Yuri 伊兹拉埃尔,尤里,210,251,252,415n
Izvestia 《消息报》,240,274,294,307,327,460n
Japan日本,26,200,201
Fukushima accident 福岛事故,356–57
Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings 轰炸广岛和长崎,26,29–30,31,360,394n,395n,419n
Media 媒体,314
Joker 小丑,288
Josephson,Paul 约瑟夫森,保罗,34
Jupiter electronics plant 木星电子厂,21,393n
Kabul 喀布尔,246
Kachalovsky,E. V. 卡恰洛夫斯基,E.V.,441n
Kalinin nuclear power plant 加里宁核电厂,345
Kalugin,Alexander 卡卢金,亚历山大,121,264,466n
Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦,1,18,31,38,50,119,137,144,153,221,261,291,300
Kershenbaum,Igor 克什鲍姆,伊戈尔,85
KGB 克格勃,8,15,18,20,32,43,54,70,111,113,119,121,129,140,146,147,172,176,179,184,185,208,221,230,247,258,261,262,265,270,273,275,276,303,310,328,395n,407n,418n,422n,438n,474n
Khmel,Grandpa 赫梅利,老爹,58
Khmel,Piotr 赫梅利,彼得,58–59,96,104,227,236,361
Khmelnitsky nuclear power plant 赫梅利尼茨基核电厂,486n
Khodemchuk,Valery 赫德姆丘克,瓦列里,85,89,94,299,338,366
monument to 纪念碑,366,482n
Khrushchev,Nikita 赫鲁晓夫,尼基塔,34,42,43,173
Kibenok,Tanya 基贝诺克,塔尼娅,237
Kibenok,Viktor 基贝诺克,维克托,101,102,236,307
Kiev 基辅,1–3,9,14,16,17,48,61,63–64,96,111–31,159,172,175,191,198,218,240,251–53,273–74,294,304,332,333,356,426n
April 26,1:30 a.m. 4月26日,凌晨1点30分,111–31
decontamination checkpoints 除污检查站,251
displaced citizens resettled in 疏散市民的重新安置,305–6
electrical grid 电网,61,63,76,80,111
evacuation of children 疏散儿童,252–53
government response to Chernobyl accident政府对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,111–31,172,182–84,208–9,261–63
radiation threat to 对……的辐射威胁,182–84,194,204,208–10,251–53,326
Kiev Sea 基辅水库,8
Kirichenko,Svetlana 基里琴科,斯韦特兰娜,217
Kizima,Vasily 基济马,瓦西里,139
Kolkhoz 集体农场,161,165,261,382
Kombinat Industrial Association 合作工业协会,310–11
Komsomol 苏联共青团,47,49,58,77,120,149,164
Komsomolsk-on-Amur 阿穆尔河畔共青城,77,107
Konstantinovka 康斯坦丁诺夫卡,305
Kopachi 科帕奇,64
Kopchinsky,Georgi 科尔钦斯基,格奥尔基,114,115,408n,422n
Korean Air jet,1983 downing of 大韩航空客机,1983年被击落,173
Korneyev,Yuri 科尔涅耶夫,尤里,88–89,100–101
Korol,Sasha 科罗尔,萨沙,50–55,149–50,158,301,303
Kostenko,Lina,“Satan Sleeps Beside the Pripyat,”科斯坚科,莉娜,“撒旦沉睡在普里皮亚季之侧”363,488n
Kostin,Igor 柯斯京,伊戈尔,290,291
Kovalenko,Alexander 科瓦连科,亚历山大,315,319,345
Krasnoyarsk-26 克拉斯诺亚尔斯克-26,144
Kremlin 克里姆林宫,115,118,172,175,201,240,250,333
Krypton 氪,225
Kudryavtsev,Alexander 库德里亚夫采夫,亚历山大,93,99
Kurchatov,Igor 库尔恰托夫,伊戈尔,31–33,38–40,51,221,401n
Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy 库尔恰托夫原子能研究所,39,42,43,61,64,67,72,74,84,119,120,121,154,160,184,185,189,215,220,263,264,267,275,277,280,297,308,318,323–26
Complex Expedition 综合体探查行动,340–44,364
task force exploration of Sarcophagus 石棺探查特别行动组,284–86,338–44
Kurguz,Anatoly 柯尔克孜,阿纳托利,89,108,234–35
Kursk 库尔斯克,64,408n
KVN (TV show)机智开心果俱乐部(电视节目),52
Laboratory 23 23号实验室,77,78
Latvia 拉脱维亚,329
Laushkin,Yuri 劳什金,尤里,319,345,474n
lava,radioactive 岩浆,放射性的,342–44 Lead 铅,160,181,190,191,241,242,340,341
Legasov,Valery 列加索夫,瓦列里,74,119–21,126–29,153–56,160–61,181,185,189–94,199,201,203,263,265,270,272,284–86,297,322–28,431n,444n,445n,478n
death of 之死,325–26
IAEA report 国际原子能机构报告,266,275–77,346
radiation sickness of 辐射病,266–67,322
Lenin,Vladimir 列宁,弗拉基米尔,13,19,52,183,184,229,270
Statues 塑像,23,217,274,306
Leningrad 列宁格勒,43,63,202,240
Leningrad nuclear power plant 列宁格勒核电厂,63–67,405n
Leninism 列宁主义,13,23,261
Leninsk 列宁斯克,51
lepestok mask “花瓣”面具,122
Lesnoy 列斯诺伊,10–11
LFTR reactor 液态氟化钍反应堆,358
Libya 利比亚,201
life islands 生命岛,233
Ligachev,Yegor 利加乔夫,叶戈尔,172–74,177,184–86,203,249,436n
liquidation campaign 清理运动,239–60,296,310,332–33,359,471n,475n
Literaturna Ukraina 《乌克兰文学》,241 Lithuania 立陶宛,71,173,331
Little Pripyat 小普里皮亚季,344
Litvinenko,Alexander 利特维年科,亚历山大,27
Logachev,Alexander 洛加乔夫,亚历山大,1–3,125–26,311,369,424n,428n,440n
London 伦敦,176,307
London Daily Mail 《伦敦每日邮报》,177
Los Angeles Times 《洛杉矶时报》,266
Lugoviki 卢戈维基,218
Lvov 利沃夫,204
Lyashko,Alexander 利亚什科,亚历山大,112,441n
Lysyuk,Grigori 利斯尤科,格里戈里,414n
maintenance shutdown 维护停堆,75–90
Makukhin,Aleksei 马库辛,阿列克谢,122
Malomuzh,Vladimir 马洛穆日,弗拉基米尔,117–18,124,125,127,139,148,262,270,423n,424n
Mammoth “猛犸象”,292–94,296–98
Manhattan Project 曼哈顿项目,30–31,36,37,396n
Marin,Vladimir 马林,弗拉基米尔,114–15,424n
Marshes 沼泽,257
Marx,Karl 马克思,卡尔,13,52,183
Marxism 马克思主义,13,261
maximum design-basis accident 最大设计基准事故,62,92,114,149,263
Mayak reactor explosion 马亚克反应堆爆炸,44–45,129,173,220–21,224,225
May Day celebrations 五一劳动节,182–84,194,219,231,303,441n,442n
Mayorets,Anatoly 马约列茨,阿纳托利,115,118–19,123,127,265–68,423n
Media 媒体,19,71,74,150,191
Global 全球,177–79,239,307,312,314
response to Chernobyl accident 对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,148–50,156–57,174–79,208–9,215,239–41,250,266,274,291,294,299,307,311–14,324,327–30,355
Medvedev,Grigori 梅德韦杰夫,格里戈里,265,328,422n
Chernobyl Notebook 《切尔诺贝利笔记本》,328,346
MEPhI 莫斯科工程物理学院,17,50,51,52,77,303
Meshkov,Alexander 梅什科夫,亚历山大,120,127,263,267,271,272,424n
Metlenko,Gennadi 梅特连科,根纳季,84–85
Metsamor nuclear power plant 梅察莫尔核电厂,70
militsia 内务部警察部队,18,122,129,138,144,150,151,261,302,429n,433n,434n
Mimka,Lubomir 米姆卡,卢博米尔 187–89
Ministry of Atomic Energy 原子能部,273,346
Ministry of Energy and Electrification 能源与电气化部,7,9,13,14,16,17,20,43,46,112,113,243,246,249,267,268,272–73,332
Ministry of Internal Affairs 内务部,18,96,106,112,208,254,273,382,433n,449n,461n
See also MVD 参见MVD
Ministry of Medium Machine Building 中型机械制造部
See Sredmash 参见Sredmash
Minsk 明斯克,204,240,328,331,353,480n
Mitino 米金诺,299
Mi-26 helicopter 米-26直升机,180,188,206
Moderator 慢化剂,35–38,284
mogilniki 坟场,332
Moldova 摩尔多瓦,47,218,240
Moller,Anders Pape- 莫勒,安德斯·佩普-,355,356
Moscow 莫斯科,9,18,43,97,135,298,350
government response to Chernobyl accident政府对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,111–31,138–39,152–66,172–86,192–204,218–19,239–41,249–54,261–77,306–13,322–31,362
injured hospitalized in 伤员入院治疗,147–48,150–51,158,176,185,205,219–38,299
radiation threat to 对……的辐射威胁,184,251
Mousseau,Timothy 穆索,蒂莫西,355,356
MVD 内务部,208,257
Nagasaki 长崎,29–30,31,360,394n,395n,419n
NATO 北大西洋公约组织,239
Nazism 纳粹主义,236,279,397n,486n
Nepotism 任人唯亲,13,311
neptunium 239 镎239,88,171,248
Nesterov,Boris 涅斯捷罗夫,鲍里斯,163–64,360,433n
Neutrons 中子,25–26,35–38,125
New Safe Confinement 新安全壳,364–66
New York Post 《纽约邮报》,177,179
New York Times 《纽约时报》,31,274,312
New Zealand 新西兰,331
NIKIET 苏联能源技术科学研究与设计院,33,63–74,84,264,267,272,280,318,346,348,408n
NIKIMT 苏联装配技术研究设计院,255,280,287,293,470n
Ninth Five-Year Plan 第九个五年计划,12
Nitrogen 氮,101,195,206
gas piped in reactor vault 向反应堆坑室中
输送氮气,195,203,205–6,212–13 NKVD 内务人民委员部,32
Noginsk 诺金斯克,279
Nomenklatura 党政领导干部,7,13–14,19,48,111,365
Novaya Zemlya 新地岛,1
Novovoronezh nuclear power plant 新沃罗涅日核电厂,398n
Novy Mir 《新世界》月刊,324,328
nuclear industry 核工业,7–24,39,82,241–42,249–50,267,398n
changes in,after Chernobyl accident 切尔诺贝利事故后的变化,272–73,321–26,331–32,356–59
Chernobyl accident,see Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station 切尔诺贝利事故,参见切尔诺贝利原子能电站
cleanup eforts and 清理工作,241–42
construction and startup of Chernobyl 切尔诺贝利的建造与启动,7–24,53–57,64,67–74
corruption 腐败,12,19–22,67–74,311–13,322,327–28,347–48,365
design and construction defects 设计与建造缺陷,12–13,19–22,34,37–38,62–74,268–77,286,308,315,317–18,321–22,346–49,408n
future of 未来,357–60
history of 历史,31–45,60–74
military origins of 军事起源,31–34
modern benefits 现代社会中的益处,357–58
1970s expansion 70年代的扩张,9–16,63–68
Oversight 失察,272–73
secrecy and cover-ups 保密和掩盖真相,41–45,67–74,107,110,118,131,322,327–30,346–49,452n
nuclear reactors 核反应堆,1–3,35–38
Annushka 安努什卡,32,34
Atom Mirny-1 和平原子能一号,33–35,37,38,40,60
Chernobyl,see Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station 切尔诺贝利,参见切尔诺贝利原子能电站
components and operation 组件及运行,35–38
construction and startup of 建造与启动,7–24,53–57,64,67–74
design and construction defects 设计与建造缺陷,12–13,19–22,34,37–38,62–74,268–77,286,308,315,317–18,321–22,346–49,408n
Elena 叶连娜,61–63,87,99,124–25
Fukushima 福岛,356–57
future of 未来,357–60
Graphite-water 石墨水反应堆,35–38,40,53,60–62,64,405n
history of 历史,31–45,60–74
Mayak 马亚克,44–45,129,173,220–21,224,255
modern benefits of 现代社会中的益处,357–58
Obninsk 奥布宁斯克,32–35,37,38,39
RBMK 压力管式石墨慢化沸水反应堆,60–74,77–78,107,194,263–64,267–77,315,318,321–22,331,346,349,404n,405n,406n,408n,465n
Runaway 失控,37,64,65,71–72,83,347
technical refit 技术改装,321–22
Three Mile Island 三里岛,73–74,191,194,271,357
water-water designs 水-水设计,38,40,61–62
nuclear waste,disposal of 核废料,排放,255,257,310,332
nuclear weapons 核武器,9,19,26,31–33,40,42,330
British 英国,41
Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings 轰炸广岛和长崎,26,29–30,31,360,394n,395n,419n
Partial Test Ban Treaty 《部分禁止核试验条约》,171
Soviet 苏联,9,31–33,42–43,201
U.S. 美国,19,26,29–32,33,36,37,201,279,396n
Nucleus 核,25,26
Oak Ridge National Laboratory 橡树岭国家实验室,358
Obninsk 奥布宁斯克,50,52,290,303
Reactor 反应堆,32–35,37,38,39
Odessa 敖德萨,206,253
Oil 油,39,330,356,357
OPAS 核电站事故应急处理小组,113,147–48
operator error 操作人员失误,267–75,308–9,314–20,345,346–49,411n,412n,414n
Order of Lenin 列宁勋章,22,32
ORM 运行反应性裕量,69,71,83,408n
Örn,Torsten 奥恩,托尔斯滕,175
osobaya zona 特别禁区,181,440n
Oxygen 氧,88,154,160
Ozersk 奥焦尔斯克,44–45
Ozone 臭氧,100,259,286,338
Paramilitary Fire Brigade Number Six 第六民兵消防队,57
Paramilitary Fire Station Number Two 第二民兵消防站,57–59,91–110
aftermath of explosion 爆炸之后,91–110
April 26,1:28 a.m. 4月26日,凌晨1点28分,91–110
Parashyn,Serhiy 帕拉辛,谢尔盖,109,274
Partial Test Ban Treaty 《部分禁止核试验条约》,171
partizans 游击队员,282,284,294–96,469n
pastila 药糊糊,188
Penney Report 彭尼报告,399n
People magazine 《人物》杂志,307
Perestroika 重建,19,322,323,327,329,330
Perevozchenko,Valery 普列沃兹琴科,瓦列里,87,98,99,107,237
death of 之死,238
Petrosyants,Andranik 彼得罗相茨,安德拉尼克,185,266
Petrovsky,Alexander 彼得罗夫斯基,亚历山大,91,103–4,360–61
pets,abandoned 宠物,被遗弃的,254
Philippines 菲律宾,331
Pikalov,Vladimir 皮卡洛夫,弗拉基米尔,155,241,249,254,259,275,430n,432n
Pioneer camps 少先队营地,209,252,253,265,274
pioneer walls 先锋墙,282–83
Pismenny,Vyacheslav 皮什米尼,维亚切斯拉夫,213,216
Plutonium 钚,26,31,32,34,37,40,41,44,60,63,247,320
plutonium 239 钚239,26,88,248
PNEs 和平核爆炸,399n
Poland 波兰,174,176,178
Polesia 波列西耶,148,165,353
Polesia State Radiological and Ecological Reserve 波列西耶国家辐射与生态保护区,353
Polesskoye 波列什科,186,217–18,301–2
Politburo 中央政治局,14,112,122,172–76,181–86,201,212,246,264,266,270–74,281,286,305,311,321,327,330
Politburo Operations Group 中央政治局行动小组,181,184,243,249,251
Polonium 钋,27,29
Polygon “多边形区”,221
Poroshenko,Petro 波罗申科,彼得罗,363–65
positive scram effect 正紧急停堆效应,71–73
positive void coefficient 正空泡系数,37–38,63,66,83,85–90,268,286,318,321,348
Powers,Francis Gary 鲍尔斯,弗朗西
斯·加里,45
Pozdishev,Erik 波茨迪舍夫,埃里克,464n
Pravda 《真理报》,71,240,274,294,306,319,324,326,327
Pravda Ukrainy 《乌克兰真理报》,175
Pravik,Nadia 普拉维克,纳迪娅,237
Pravik,Vladimir 普拉维克,弗拉基米尔,58–59,91–92,95–96,101–3,227–28,307
death of 之死,236
pre-installation overhaul 预安装全面检修,12
pressure tubes 压力管,62
Prianichnikov,Veniamin 普里亚涅齐尼科夫,韦尼阿明,143–44,150,244–46,334,369
Pripyat 普里皮亚季,11–24,47,54,74
abandonment of 废弃,257–60,301,336–38
aftermath of explosion 爆炸后果,91–110
airlift of injured patients 空运伤员,148,150–53,158,205,219–20
April 25,5:00 p.m. 4月25日下午5点,46–59
April 25,11:55 p.m. 4月25日午夜11点55分,75–90
April 26,1:28 a.m. 4月26日凌晨1点28分,91–110
April 26,1:30 a.m. 4月26日凌晨1点30分,111–31
April 26,6:15 a.m. 4月26日清晨6点15分,132–51
April 27 4月27日,152–66
Architecture 建筑,137–38,258
as atomgrad 作为一座原子城,11,17,23,49,130,258,301
cleanup efforts 清理工作,241–60,278–98,310,332–33
construction of ……的建设,11–24,362,393n
Economy 经济,17–18,21–22,137
Employment 就业,21–22
evacuation of 疏散,117,123,126,127,129–31,149,153,155–66,185–86,202,208–10,217–20,257–60,301–13,315,328,431n,432n,433n,449n,486n
as ghost town 作为一座鬼城,166,257–60,301,314,336–38
government response to accident 政府对事故的反应,111–31,138–39,179–80,258–60,263,310,432n
helicopter bombing operation 直升机空投行动,160–64,166,179–82,187–99,202,204,281,285,341,433n,443n,446n
hospitalization of injured 伤员入院治疗,121,135–36,146–53,157
intruders kept out of 拦挡闯入者,257–60
investigation of accident 事故调查,261–77
liquidation campaign 清理运动,239–60,296,310,332–33,359,471n,475n
looting 洗劫,257,302–4,311,336–37 1982
accident 1982年事故,69–70
public informed of accident 将事故告知公众,117,124,129,155–66,202
radiation survey flights 辐射调查飞行,140–46,155–56,160–64,189,248
radiation threat to public 对公众的辐射威胁,106–7,129–30,139–40,149,155–66,202,208–10,247–53,257–60,301–13,326–35,355–56,486n
roadblocks 路障,129,143,150
tourism 旅游业,356,359
trees and forests 树木和树林,23,247,248–49,256–57,312,330,353,462n,486n
in 2011 在2011年,352–56
in 2016 在2016年,336–38,363–65
Pripyat Communist Party 普里皮亚季共产党,124,127–28
Pripyat River 普里皮亚季河,7,8,47,49,191,192,202,244,402n
Problem Number One 一号问题,31–32,38
Prometheus myth 普罗米修斯神话,23–24
Propaganda 宣传攻势,174,240,306–8,311–12,344,437n
Proskuryakov,Viktor 普罗斯库里亚科夫,维克托,93,99
Protons 质子,26
Protsenko,Maria 普罗岑科,玛丽亚,136–38,138,140,142–43,158–59,161,162–66,258–60,309–11,333,361,369
Prushinsky,Boris 普鲁申斯基,鲍里斯,113,114,118,121–22,124–27,128,425n
pump system 泵系统,62,83,84,85,87,93–95,124,342
Pushkin,Alexander 普希金,亚历山大,325
Eugene Onegin 《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》,78 PVA glue PVA胶,255,256
pyatachok “猪鼻子”,61,62–63,87
Radiation 辐射,1–3,22,25–45,60–62,70,73,105–9,129
Cloud 云,169–86
containment eforts after accident 事故后的围阻工作,128–29,153–56,160–64,166,174,176,179–82,187–99,202–16,241–48,278–98
core meltdown risk 堆芯熔毁风险,191–95,202–16,244–46
fallout 放射性坠尘,130,181,247–48,251,255–57,277,282,315,326,329
fatal dose 致死剂量,99,104,197,221,225,238,279,359,419n
genetic effects of exposure to 辐射暴露的遗传效应,329–30,355–56,486n
global contamination 全球污染,169–86,248,260,269,277,327–30,353–54
health efects and symptoms 健康影响和症状,26,28–31,78,89,100–110,117–18,130,135–36,143,147–51,164,180,185,192–93,207,220–38,242,243,247–48,251,253,266–67,290,299–301,312,322,326,333–35,355–60,454n,481n,486n
history of 历史,25–45
ionizing 致电离辐射,11,27–31,102,257
levels after Chernobyl explosion 切尔诺贝利爆炸后辐射水平,105–9,116–18,123–31,136,140–46,153–56,160–64,176,180–84,189–99,207–8,211–15,226,241–60,278–98,300,316,319,352–53,423n,481n
liquidation campaign 清理运动,239–60,296,310,332–33,359,471n,475n
long-term efects on environment 长期环境影响,329–31,354–56
Reactor Number 4 explosion 四号反应堆爆炸,87–90
survey flights 调查飞行,140–46,155–56,160–64,189,248
threat to public 对公众的威胁,106–7,129–30,139–40,149,155–66,202,208–10,247–53,257–60,301–13,326–35,355–56,359–60,486n
Radiation Efects Reactor 辐射效应反应堆,30
Radio 广播电台,129,148–49,426n
propaganda 宣传攻势,148–49
response to Chernobyl accident 对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,156–57,175,179,208–9
Radio Kiev 基辅广播电台,179
Radio Moscow 莫斯科广播电台,175,179 Radio Sweden 瑞典广播电台,208
Radium 镭,29
Radium Girls 镭女郎,29
Radon 氡,27
RBMK reactors 压力管式石墨慢化沸水(RBMK)反应堆,12,20,53–54,60–74,77,121,154,263–64,267–77,318,321–22,331,346,349,404n,405n,406n,408n,465n
design and construction defects 设计和建造缺陷,12–13,19–22,62–74,268–77,286,308,315,317–18,321,346–49,408n
history of 历史,60–74
maintenance shutdown and mistakes 维护停堆和错误,75–90
RBMK-1000 RBMK-1000反应堆,63–74,77–78,107,194,315,318,321,405n
technical refit 技术改装,321–22
Termination 终止运行,273,276
RDS-1 RDS-1(苏联第一颗原子弹),31
Reactor Number 1. See Unit One 一号反应堆,参见一号机组
Reactor Number 2. See Unit Two 二号反应堆,参见二号机组
Reactor Number 3. See Unit Three 三号反应堆,参见三号机组
Reactor Number 4. See Unit Four 四号反应堆,参见四号机组
Reactor Number 5. See Unit Five 五号反应堆,参见五号机组
Reactor Number 6. See Unit Six 六号反应堆,参见六号机组
Read,Piers Paul 里德,皮尔斯·保罗,14
Reagan,Ronald 里根,罗纳德,19,176,200
response to Chernobyl accident 对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,200–201
Red Forest 红树林,256,312,330,353,462n
refugees,conditions of 难民,境遇,217–20,301–16,320–21
Reikhtman,Georgi 雷特曼,格奥尔基,411n,429n
relief funds,for displaced persons 救济金,发给疏散人员的,304–5
Report on the Causes of the Accident in Unit Four of the Chernobyl AES 《关于切尔诺贝利核电站四号机组事故原因的报告》,267,268
resettlement of displaced citizens 重新安置被
疏散的居民,305–6,320–21
Riga 里加,240
RK-1000 reactor RK-1000反应堆,405n
Robinson,Clif 鲁滨逊,克利夫,170–71,370
Robitnycha Hazeta 乌克兰《工人报》,175
Robots 机器人,287–91,338–39,357
Roentgen,Wilhelm 伦琴,威廉,28
Rogozhkin,Boris 罗戈日金,鲍里斯,315,316,319,345,420n
Romania 罗马尼亚,331
Rome 罗马,176
Rosen,Morris 罗森,莫里斯,210,214–15
Rovno 罗夫诺,181,305
Rozvazhev 罗兹瓦日夫,218
runaway,reactor 失控,反应堆,37,64,65,71–72,83,347
rundown unit 降负荷机组,75–76
Russia (post-Soviet Union)俄罗斯(后苏联时期),359
Russia (pre-Soviet Union)俄国(前苏联时期),13
Revolution of 1917 1917年俄国革命,13,16,183
Ruthenium 钌,27–28,267,320
Ryzhkov,Nikolai 雷日科夫,尼古拉,115,118–19,172,176,181,182,184–86,202,203,243,251,272,277,297,322,370,415n,436n,441n,460n
Sakharov,Andrei 萨哈罗夫,安德烈,270,328
Samoilenko,Yuri 萨莫伊连科,尤里,288
sand,dropped on nuclear ruins 沙,空投于核废墟上,160–64,166,179–82,187–99,202,204,281,285,341
Sandstedt,Karl Erik 桑德施泰特,卡尔·埃里克,171
Sarcophagus 石棺,250,273,278–98,307,312,330,338–44,363,470n,471n
Cascade Wall 隔离墙,283–84,291
Complex Expedition 综合体探查行动,340–44,364
Construction 建造,281–98
Design 设计,280–82,293
Elephant’s Foot 大象脚,339–40,342,343
Kurchatov task force exploration of 库尔恰托夫特别探查行动,284–86,338–44
limitations of ……的局限,344
Mammoth 猛犸象,292–94,296–98
New Safe Confinement 新安全壳,364–66
ventilation and sprinkler systems 通风和喷淋系统,297
Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚,169
contamination from Chernobyl 来自切尔诺贝利的污染,169–77
Schepin,Oleg 谢尔潘,奥列格,184
Scherbina,Boris 谢尔比纳,鲍里斯,119,124,126–31,152–56,160–62,172,179–86,190,192–94,201,203,270,271,288,292,328,340,370,426n,431n,439n
Scherbitsky,Vladimir 谢尔比茨基,弗拉基米尔,8,112,116–17,131,176,182–84,185,203,208,252,253,370–71,426n,441n,449n,464n,465n
Second Administration Building 第二行政办公大楼,89–90
Selsyn monitors 自同步监视器,79,86,87
Semipalatinsk 塞米巴拉金斯克,1,221
Shasharin,Gennadi 萨沙林,根纳季,268–69,272,434n
Shashenok,Vladimir 沙什诺克,弗拉基米尔,101,136,299,427n
Shavrey,Ivan 夏维,伊万,58,103–4
Shavrey,Leonid 夏维,列昂尼德,58,95–96,103,104
Shcherbak,Iurii 谢尔巴克,尤里,209,449n
Shevardnadze,Edward 谢瓦尔德纳泽,爱德华,200–201,436n
Shevchenko 舍夫琴科,291
Shultz,George 舒尔茨,乔治,178
Siberia 西伯利亚,18,39,120
Sidorenko,Viktor 西多连科,维克托,424n
Silayev,Ivan 西拉耶夫,伊万,185,192,194–95,197,206,207,210,212,215,250,280,442n,446n
silver iodide 碘化银,184
SIUR 高级反应堆控制工程师(SIUR),79,86,412n
Skazochny 童话,205
Sklyarov,Vitali 斯克利亚罗夫,维塔利,74,111–12,116,123–24,126,128,131,345,371,426n,432n
Slavsky,Efim 斯拉夫斯基,叶菲姆,43,112,119–20,201,250,267,268,270–72,280,281,292,296–98,322,371,408n
Slavutych 斯拉夫蒂奇,306,310,320–21,322,329,337,478n
radiation threat to 对斯拉夫蒂奇的辐射威胁,320–21
Slavyansk 斯拉维扬斯克,9
Slichenko,Nikolai 斯里琴科,尼古拉,11 SMT-1 SMT-1,280
Socialism 社会主义,33,120,273
Society of Hunters and Fishermen 猎人和渔民协会,254
sodium 24 钠24,226
Sokolov,Sergey 索科洛夫,谢尔盖,239–40
solar energy 太阳能,357
Soroka,Oleg 索罗卡,奥列格,463n
Soviet Academy of Sciences 苏联科学院,119,120–21,154,276,277,322,325
Soviet armed forces 苏联武装部队,12,113–14,173,240,390n,481n
bio-robot campaign 生物机器人运动,288–91,321
liquidation campaign 清理运动,239–40,296,310,332–33,359,471n,475n
response to Chernobyl accident 对切尔诺贝利事故的反应,113–14,129,140–46,152–56,158–64,166,173,174,179–82,185,187–99,202,204–8,239–60,273,278–98,330,468n
Soviet Life 《苏联生活》,74
Soviet Red Cross Society 苏联红十字协会,302
Sovietskaya Rossiya 《苏维埃俄罗斯报》,330
Soviet Union 苏联,12–16
collapse of 解体,331,333,343,345,348,354,364,441n
corruption 腐败,12,15,19–22,67–74,311–13,327–28,347–48,365
defense spending 国防开支,12,390n
Economy 经济,12–16,34,39–40,118,177,181,249,327–31
Era of Stagnation 停滞时期,12–22,42,323
Glasnost “公开性”,240,312,327,328
government response to Chernobyl accident对切尔诺贝利事故的政府回应,111–31,138–39,152–66,172–86,192–204,208–9,218–19,239–41,249–54,261–77,306–13,322–31,362
internal passport system 内部护照系统,209
1970s nuclear expansion 20世纪70年代的核扩张,9–16
nuclear history 核历史,31–45
nuclear weapons 核武器,9,31–33,42–43,201
oil and gas 石油与天然气,39
perestroika 重建,19,322,323,327,329,330
space exploration 太空探索,9,42,50–51,324–25
war in Afghanistan 阿富汗战争,19,240,246,294,298,327,329,330
World War II 第二次世界大战,34,209,236,279,294,333,364,397n
Soybeans 大豆,355
Soyuzatomenergo 苏联核工业联合会,70,97–98,113,115,118
space exploration 太空探索,9,42,50–51,324–25
Special Battalion 731 731特种部队,190,243
Special Zone 特别禁区,181,182,241,242,244,247,259,279,291,298,338,440n
Sputnik 人造地球卫星,51
Sredmash 中型机械制造部,9,34,39,40,43–44,60,62,66–68,74,119,174–75,189,201,215–16,220,221,222,223,245–46,250,255,258,263,266,267,268,271,280–98,307,308,322,340,341,400n,405n,409n
US-605 US-605建设小分队,280–98,307,338–44,365
Stalin,Joseph 斯大林,约瑟夫,14,32,34,59,137,327
Star Wars program 星球大战计划,19
State Committee for Nuclear Safety 核安全国家委员会,84,318
State Committee for the Utilization of Atomic Energy 原子能利用国家委员会,174–75,400n
State Committee on Safety in the Atomic Power Industry 原子能工业安全国家委员会,400n
Steel 钢,12
Steinberg,Nikolai 施泰因贝格尔,尼古拉,69–70,347–48,452n
Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩,170
contamination from Chernobyl 来自切尔诺贝利的污染,170–77
Stolyarchuk,Boris 斯托利亚尔丘克,鲍里斯,55,57,83,86,87,89,92,110,371
stolypin cars 斯托雷平火车,320,477n
Strauss,Lewis 斯特劳斯,刘易斯,398n
strong force 强相互作用力,25
Strontium 锶,226,320,354
strontium 90 锶90,27,29,88,248,257,329,402n
Structure S 结构S,342
Studsvik 斯图斯维克,171
submarines,nuclear 潜艇,核,34,42,68,77,99,107,136,241,453n
Supreme Court of the USSR 苏联最高法院,309,314,345
trial of Chernobyl plant operators 审判切尔诺贝利电厂操作人员,314–20
Supreme Soviet 最高苏维埃,174
Sverdlovsk 斯维尔德洛夫斯克,270
Sweden 瑞典,170,331,435n
contamination from Chernobyl 来自切尔诺贝利的污染,170–77,200
Swedish National Defense Research Institute瑞典国防研究院,171
Tarakanov,Nikolai 塔拉卡诺夫,尼古拉,278–80,288–91,321,371
Tashkent 塔什干,10
TASS 塔斯社,174,175,312
telephone 电话:
alert system 报警系统,97
lines cut after accident 事故后线路切断,129,146,148,422n,426n
television 电视,19,52,280,289,292,295,327,333
response to Chernobyl crisis 对切尔诺贝利危机的反应,150,175–79,208–9,215,239–41,250,266,274,311–14,327–30,355
Teller,Edward 特勒,爱德华,399n
tellurium 132 碲132,267
Telyatnikov,Leonid 捷利亚特尼科夫,列昂尼德,104,300,307,319,334,420n
Thatcher,Margaret 撒切尔,玛格丽特,307
thirty-kilometer zone 30公里禁区,186,194,202,208,215,241,249,251–59,301–13,314,328,332–33,352–56,359,364
Thorium 钍,27,358
thorium reactors 钍反应堆,358
Three Mile Island accident 三里岛事故,73–74,191,194,271,331,357
Tishura,Vladimir 季舒拉,弗拉基米尔,236
Tokyo Electric Power Company 东京电力公司,356–57
Tolstoy,Leo 托尔斯泰,列夫,325
Tomsk-7 托木斯克-7,40,120
“too cheap to meter,”“便宜到犯不着查电表”39,398n
Toptunov,Leonid 托图诺夫,列昂尼德,50–57,7 6,79–89,308,410n,412n,413n,414n,445n
death of 之死,238,268,308,318
in Hospital Number Six 在第六医院,223,225,228,231,232,238
rehabilitated reputation of 恢复名誉,349
role in Chernobyl accident 在切尔诺贝利事故中扮演的角色,79–89,92–93,108–10,134,135,149,151,223,225,230,268,317,318,347
Toptunova,Vera 托图诺夫,薇拉,228,230,231,238
Tormozin,Andrei 托尔马钦,安德烈,300,334
Torzhok 托尔若克,153
Tourism 旅游,356,359
toys 玩具,339
trees and forests 树木和树林,23,247,248–49,256–57,312,321,330,353,355,462n,486n
Tregub,Yuri 特列古布,尤里,82–83,86,94–95,98–99
trial of Chernobyl operators 审判切尔诺贝利操作人员,308–9,314–20,345,362,474n,475n,477n
Trinos,Vladimir 特里诺,弗拉基米尔,447n
Tripoli 的黎波里,201
Tritium 氚,41
Troieshchyna 特罗耶希厄纳,306
True Communism 真正的共产主义,13,34,52
Tsar Bomba 沙皇炸弹,1
Tumanov,Alexander 图马诺夫,亚历山大,89–90
Turbine Number Eight 八号涡轮发电机,76,86,99–101
aftermath of explosion 爆炸后果,99–
101,104,106
Explosion 爆炸,88–90
maintenance shutdown 维护停堆,76,80,83–90,117,127
Turbine Number Seven 七号涡轮发电机,95,100
Twenty-Fifth Motorized Rifle Division 第25机械化步兵师,258,353
Ukraine 乌克兰,1–3,7–9,47,48,63–64,76,152,175,181,191,200,208,248,251,258,320,345,353,354,359
government response to Chernobyl accident
政府对切尔诺贝尔事故的反应,111–31,172,182–84,203,208–9,252–53,261–63,332,436n
independence from USSR 脱离苏联独立,333,337
radiation threat to Kiev 基辅的辐射威胁,182–84,194,204,208–10,251–53,326
resettlement of displaced citizens 疏散居民的重新安置,305–6
Ukrainian Academy of Sciences 乌克兰科学院,247,259,329
Ukrainian Communist Party 乌克兰共产党,8,112,182,203,208–9,261,262,274
Ukrainian Criminal Code 乌克兰刑法典,309
Uman 乌曼,344
Unemployment 失业,21
United Nations 联合国,359,360
General Assembly 大会,33
International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy 和平利用原子能国际会议,33
Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 原子辐射效应科学委员会,359
United States 美国,9,19,45,73,176,200,277,400n
Media 媒体,177,178,179,239,266,274,299,307,312
nuclear industry 核工业,3 1,4 0,61–62,73–74,331,356,357,358,409n
nuclear weapons 核武器,19,26,29–32,33,36,37,201,279,396n
radiation threat to 对美国的辐射威胁,201
response to Chernobyl crisis 对切尔诺贝利危机的回应,177–79,200–201,210,214–15,228–30,232–34,239,266,307
space exploration 太空探索,9,51
Three Mile Island accident 三里岛事故,73–74,191,194,271,331,357
U-2 spy planes,45
Unit One 一号机组,56,58,67,68–70,73,102,109,207,249,281,290,306,321,332,337,468n
back online 重新并网发电,290–91,306
1982 accident 1982年事故,69–70,112
restoration eforts 复原工作,286–91,306
Unit Two 二号机组,56,58,69,73,102,109,134,204,249,281,321,329,332,337,469n,470n
Unit Three 三号机组,56,59,69,73,76,84,90,91,96,101,103,107,128,146,196,203,204,205,211,224,231,243,249,278,281,287,288,290,293,295,306,321,332,337,341,360,419n,420n
back online 重新并网发电,321–22
construction of 建造,56
fires and damage 火灾和损失,101,102,104,108,109,110
restoration eforts 复原工作,286–91
in 2016 在2016年,336–37
Unit Four 四号机组,20,47,49,53–57,59,69,71,73,76,107,410n
aftermath of explosion 爆炸后果,91–110
April 25,5:00 p.m. 4月25日下午5时,46–59
April 25,11:55 p.m. 4月25日晚11时55分,75–90
April 26,1:28 a.m. 4月26日凌晨1时28分,91–110
April 26,1:30 a.m. 4月26日凌晨1时30分,111–31
April 26,6:15 a.m. 4月26日早6时15分,132–51
April 27 4月27日,152–66
casualties 伤亡,89,94,99,101,117,118,122,127,136,179,208–9,220,229,232,235–38,265,268,299–300,312,315,326,334,338
causes of accident 事故原因,153,230,241,261–77,321,346–49,465n
cleanup efforts 清理工作,241–60,278–98,310,332–33
Complex Expedition 综合体探查行动,340–44,364
construction and quality control 建造与质量控制,20,53–57,392n
containment eforts after accident 事故后的围阻工作,128–29,153–56,160–64,166,174,176,179–82,187–99,202–16,241–48,278–98
control room,see Control Room Number Four 控制室,参见四号控制室
core meltdown risk 堆芯熔毁风险,191–95,202–16,244–46
damage reports 损失报告,93–99,118,122–25,155–56,189
design and construction defects 设计和建造缺陷,12–13,19–22,62–74,268–77,286,308,315,317–18,321–22,346–49,408n
explosion 爆炸,87–90
fire 起火,91–110,116,118,123,128,130,143,150,153–56,160–64,174,178,181,189,193–95,202,206,214
generator rundown 发电机降负荷,83–90
on global automatic 处于全面自动化状态,81,413n
global contamination from 来自……的全球污染,169–86,248,260,269,277,327–30,353–54
government response to accident 政府对事故的反应,111–31,138–39,152–66,172–86,192–204,208–9,218–19,239–41,249–54,261–77,306–13,322–31
heat exchanger project 热交换器项目,216,245–46
helicopter bombing operation 直升机空投行动,160–64,166,179–82,187–99,202,204,281,285,341,433n,443n,446n
hospitalization of injured 伤员入院治疗,121,135–36,146–53,157,176,179,184–85,202,219–38,251,262,299–301,315,427n,430n
investigation into accident 事故调查,261–77
liquidation campaign 清理运动,239–60,296,310,332–33,359,471n,475n
maintenance shutdown 维护停堆,75–90 New Safe Confinement 新安全壳,364–66
nuclear safety board of inquiry report on 核安全理事会的调查报告,346–48
operator error explanation 操作人员失误解释,267–75,308–9,314–20,345,346–49,411n,412n,414n
positive void efect 正空泡效应,85–90,268,318,348
power fall 断电,81–83
radiation levels after explosion 爆炸后的辐射水平,105–9,116–18,123–31,136,140–46,153–56,160–64,176,180–84,189–99,207–8,211–15,226,241–60,278–98,300,316,339,352–53,423n,481n
radiation survey flights 辐射调查飞行,140–46,155–56,189,248
Sarcophagus 石棺,250,273,278–98,338–44
underground nitrogen operation 地下充氮行动,195,203,205–6,212–13
water-pumping operation 泵出积水行动,196–99,204–8,210–14
Unit Five 五号机组,17,20,141,143,243,306,337
Unit Six 六号机组,17,141,143,243,306,337
UPI 合众国际社,177,179
Urals 乌拉尔山,44,45,220
Uranium 铀,25–28,29,32,35,37,60,66,88,102,104,110,160,189,198,284,287,297,321,338,340,341,342,344,358,419n
uranium dioxide 二氧化铀,102,153,191,198,212,213,216,342
uranium 235 铀235,26,35
Usatenko,Vladimir 乌萨坚科,弗拉基米尔,294–96,371–72,471n
US-605 US-605建设小分队,280–98,338–44,365
Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦,8,15,274
V. I. Lenin Atomic Energy Station 弗拉基米尔·伊里奇·列宁原子能电站,46
Varennikov,Valentin 瓦连尼科夫,瓦伦丁,246
vegetative-vascular dystonia 植物神经-血管张力障碍,253
Velikhov,Evgeny 韦利霍夫,叶夫根尼,121,185,192–95,198,203,210,214–15,265,372
Vilcha 维利恰,186
Vladivostock 符拉迪沃斯托克,240
VNIIAES 苏联核电运行研究院,130,154 Vodka
伏特加,59,138,147,196,208,209,227,261,294,298,301–2,420n
Vogtle nuclear power plant 弗格特勒核电站,486n
Voice of America 美国之音,208
Volcanoes 火山,189
Volodin,Sergei 沃洛金,谢尔盖,140–42,144–46,334
Voloshko,Vladimir 沃洛什科,弗拉基米尔,418n,426n
Vorobyev,Serafim 沃罗比约夫,谢拉菲姆,105–7,117,418n
Voronin,Vladimir 沃罗宁,弗拉基米尔,468n
Voskovtsev,Nikolai 沃斯科夫采夫,尼古拉,463n
Vremya (TV show) 《时代》,l,19,175,177,239,274,328
VVER 水-水高能反应堆,61–62,77,322,405n,406n
Warsaw 华沙,176
Washington,DC 华盛顿特区,176,230
water-pumping operation 泵出积水行动,196–99,204–8,210–14
water table 地下水位,206
radioactive threat to 对地下水的放射性威胁,191–92,202,244,256–57,402n
water-water reactors 水-水反应堆,38,40,62
White House 白宫,124,129,139,140,152,155,158,161,165,179,309,336
Whittington,Luther 惠廷顿,卢瑟,177,438n
Wilson,Richard,威尔逊,理查德 277
Windscale reactor accident 温德斯凯尔反应堆事故,41,128,399n
wind turbines 风力涡轮机,357,358
World Health Organization (WHO)世界卫生组织(WHO),326,355,359
World War II 第二次世界大战,26,34,209,236,279,294,319,333,364,397n,486n
Xenon 氙,225
xenon 135 氙135,81–83
X-rays X射线,28
leukemia of 患白血病,350–52
radiation burns 辐射烧伤,219–24,237–38,300–301,335
Yuvchenko,Natalia 谢甫琴科,纳塔利娅,47–50,136,146–47,157–58,218,219–24,227,237–38,300–301,303,335,350–52,372,456n
Yakovlev,Alexander 雅科夫列夫,亚历山大,172,436n
Yankovsky,Sergei 扬科夫斯基,谢尔盖,235–36,261–63,265,269–70,372
Yanov 亚诺夫,10
Yanukovych,Viktor 亚努科维奇,维克托,349
Yaroslav 雅罗斯拉夫,480n
Yeltsin,Boris 叶利钦,鲍里斯,266,333,348,436n,464n
Yesenin,Sergei 叶谢宁,谢尔盖,265
Young Pioneers 少年先锋队,139,164,183,209,252,253
Yunost 《青春》杂志,324
Yuvchenko,Alexander 谢甫琴科,亚历山大,47–50,55,59,88,93–95,98–99,135–36,146–47,151,157–58,218,219–24,230,238,303,335,417n,456n,472n
death of 之死,352
in Hospital Number Six 在第六医院,219–24,227,237–38,300–301,335,352
Zakharov,Anatoly 扎哈罗夫,阿纳托利,91–92,95
Zaporizhia 扎波罗热,305
Zborovsky,Piotr “Moose,”兹博罗夫斯基,彼得“驼鹿”195–99,204–8,212,342,372,446n
Zelenyi Svit 绿色世界,329
Zeleny Mys 泽廖内角,303
Zgursky,Valentin 辜斯基,瓦伦丁,182,184,441n
zheks 房管局,149
Zhitomir日托米尔,181,329
zinc 65 锌65,70
Zirconium 锆,12,60,68,70,87,88,153,191,193,287,338,340,342,344
Zone of Exclusion and the Zone of Unconditional(Mandatory)Resettlement 隔离区和无条件(强制性)重新安置区,353